Proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell-powered vehicle performance using direct-hydrogen fueling and on-board methanol reforming

Thermo-economic analysis of proton exchange membrane fuel cell fuelled with methanol and methane

“…Also, the water production in methanol system resulting from the reaction is higher than that of the methane system configuration. This implies that the water separator functions at disadvantage in the latter system than the former [31,70,71]. The results presented show that heat exchanger 1, heat exchanger 7, steam reformer, boiler feed water pump, pre oxidation reactor, compressor 2, heat exchanger 5, steam generator, cooling water pump, radiator and compressor 1 have low irreversibility.…”

“…Therefore, second law of thermodynamic analysis based on irreversibility or exergetic efficiency alone is not adequate as a measure of system performance rather a combination of the two provides an actual and better performance of a thermodynamic system. A typical improvement observed in this work is in the steam reformer whose efficiency is 72.97% a value higher than the 61.9% and 72.5% reported by Boettner and Moran for cold start and warm start respectively [70]. Table 11 shows the exergetic efficiency and irreversibility around equipment for methane system configuration.…”

“…Significant savings in energy cost and average thermodynamic performance can be achieved with possibility for further improvement of areas such as burner, steam reformer, water separator, stack and heat exchangers identified to be inefficient in both configurations. A - [19]; B - [70]. …”

Dynamic simulation of pure hydrogen production via ethanol steam reforming in a catalytic membrane reactor

“…Fuel cells have proved potentials in different applications and can be applied in sub-MW size at any condition, independent from geographical factors such as local climate conditions. Although production of hydrogen-rich gases can offer flexible fuels for fuel cells [4], the pollution-free efficient performance of a fuel cell is reached when pure hydrogen is used [5]. Accordingly, the main challenge remains in the requirements of the special installations and infrastructures for production, distribution, and delivery of hydrogen as it is needed in highly pure state [6].…”

Dynamic performance of a high-temperature PEM fuel cell – An experimental study

“…1 (a) and (b), respectively. The measurements presented in this paper were carried out using a single cell assembly of a HT-PEMFC (7) with PBI membrane, which was housed in an oven (8,Memmert GmbH). The operating temperature of the cell was controlled by the digital oven with high accuracy (less than ±0.5 C) and low overshooting (less than 1 C).…”