Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) of hippocampus, basal ganglia, and vermis of cerebellum in schizophrenia associated with idiopathic unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia (Gilbert's syndrome)

Miyaoka, Tsuyoshi; Yasukawa, Rei; Mizuno, Shoichi; Sukegawa, Tsuruhei; Inagaki, Takuji; Horiguchi, Jun; Seno, Haruo; Oda, Kazushige; Kitagaki, Hajime

doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2004.05.003

Cited by 25 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Consistent with the metanalysis (92.55% of normal NAA levels in three studies [4 ]), they reported reduced NAA (partial volume corrected) in the vermis and cerebellar cortex. Miyaoka et al [15], however, did not find NAA/Cr reductions in cerebellar vermis (single voxel) in chronic patients (n ¼ 15) compared with healthy controls (n ¼ 15) but did find lower NAA/Cr in the hippocampus of the patient group.…”

Section: Assessment Of N-acetylaspartate In Schizophreniamentioning

confidence: 86%

What have we learned from proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy about schizophrenia? A critical update

Abbott

Bustillo

2006

Current Opinion in Psychiatry

126

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Section: Assessment Of N-acetylaspartate In Schizophreniamentioning

confidence: 86%

What have we learned from proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy about schizophrenia? A critical update

Abbott

Bustillo

2006

Current Opinion in Psychiatry

126

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“…Therefore, patients with acute remitting psychosis might present at hospital in a more severe state, and the association of elevated bilirubin with ATPD could refl ect an association with severity of the disorder. It has been proposed that patients with schizophrenic disorder with and without hyperbilirubinemia diff er in brain structure [10,11,13] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These studies indicate an incidence of elevated total and unconjugated bilirubin of 20 -25 % in patients with disorders from the schizophrenic spectrum compared to 10 % of all psychiatric patients. The latter study group has also provided evidence that patients with schizophrenia and hyperbilirubinemia show structural alterations in brain tissue, compared to patients with schizophrenia but without hyperbilirubinemia [10,11,13] . Both study groups have suggested that these increased bilirubin levels are due to Gilbert ' s syndrome (GS).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elevated Bilirubin in Acute and Transient Psychotic Disorder

2009

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“…Schizophrenia patients have a significantly higher frequency of hyperbilirubinemia relative to patients with other psychiatric disorders and the general healthy population [10-12]. Moreover, in brain imaging studies, we found severer brain metabolism abnormalities in patients with schizophrenia associated with idiopathic unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia (Gilbert's syndrome (GS)) compared to both schizophrenia patients without GS and normal controls [13-16]. Based on these facts, we propose that hyperbilirubinemia may play a role in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological features of microglial cells in the hippocampal dentate gyrus of Gunn rat: a possible schizophrenia animal model

Liaury

Miyaoka

Tsumori

et al. 2012

J Neuroinflammation

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Background: Schizophrenia is a debilitating and complex mental disorder whose exact etiology remains unknown. There is growing amount of evidence of a relationship between neuroinflammation, as demonstrated by microglial activation, and schizophrenia. Our previous studies have proposed that hyperbilirubinemia plays a role in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Furthermore, we suggested the Gunn rat, an animal model of bilirubin encephalopathy, as a possible animal model of schizophrenia. However, the effects of unconjugated bilirubin on microglia, the resident immune cell of the CNS, in Gunn rats have never been investigated. In the present study, we examined how microglial cells respond to bilirubin toxicity in adult Gunn rats. Methods: Using immunohistochemical techniques, we compared the distribution, morphology, and ultrastructural features of microglial cells in Gunn rats with Wistar rats as a normal control. We also determined the ratio of activated and resting microglia and observed microglia-neuron interactions. We characterized the microglial cells in the hippocampal dentate gyrus. Results: We found that microglial cells showed activated morphology in the hilus, subgranular zone, and granular layer of the Gunn rat hippocampal dentate gyrus. There was no significant difference between cell numbers between in Gunn rats and controls. However, there was significant difference in the area of CD11b expression in the hippocampal dentate gyrus. Ultrastructurally, microglial cells often contained rich enlarged rich organelles in the cytoplasm and showed some phagocytic function. Conclusions: We propose that activation of microglia could be an important causal factor of the behavioral abnormalities and neuropathological changes in Gunn rats. These findings may provide basic information for further assessment of the Gunn rat as an animal model of schizophrenia.

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Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) of hippocampus, basal ganglia, and vermis of cerebellum in schizophrenia associated with idiopathic unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia (Gilbert's syndrome)

Cited by 25 publications

References 29 publications

What have we learned from proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy about schizophrenia? A critical update

What have we learned from proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy about schizophrenia? A critical update

Elevated Bilirubin in Acute and Transient Psychotic Disorder

Morphological features of microglial cells in the hippocampal dentate gyrus of Gunn rat: a possible schizophrenia animal model

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