Proton MR spectroscopy of the normal human prostate with an endorectal coil and a double spin‐echo pulse sequence

Heerschap, Arend; Jager, Gerrit J.; Graaf, Marinette van der; Barentsz, Jelle O.; Ruijs, J. H. J.

doi:10.1002/mrm.1910370212

Cited by 87 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…As expected, our creatine T 1 value, 1128±149 ms, is larger than the T 1 , 864±98 ms, estimated at 1.5T, and our T 2 value, 188±20 ms, is somewhat shorter than the 209 ± 97 ms reported at 1.5T. 19 Scheenen and colleagues 12 estimated Cit T 2 using 2 or 3 spectra acquired in relatively short echo times of 75, 100, and 145 ms. We could not achieve echo time shorter than 115 ms without omitting BAS-ING components. Taking into account the positive in‰uence of the selective BASING pulse on the spectrum quality, we chose to use a longer TE.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

MR Spectroscopy of the Prostate at 3T: Measurements of Relaxation Times and Quantification of Prostate Metabolites using Water as an Internal Reference

Weis

Ortiz-Nieto

Åhlström³

2013

magn reson med sci

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Purpose: We performed single-voxel magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) of the human prostate at 3 tesla using a surface coil to measure prostate water, choline (Cho), creatine (Cr), and citrate (Cit) relaxation times T 1 , T 2 , and to estimate concentrations of Cho, Cr, and Cit in healthy volunteers.Methods: In nine of 17 healthy volunteers, we performed experiments to estimate relaxation time, and we used the spectra of the other eight to compute metabolite concentrations. Spectra were processed by LCModel and AMARES (advanced method for accurate, robust, and e‹cient spectralˆtting) algorithms. T 1 and T 2 values were obtained by monoexponentialˆtting of the spectral intensities. Metabolite concentrations were estimated using prostate tissue water as an internal concentration reference.Results: Relaxation times are reported for prostate water (T 1 , 2163±166 ms; T 2 , 110±18 ms), Cho (T 1 , 987±71 ms; T 2 , 239±24 ms), Cr (T 1 , 1128±149 ms; T 2 , 188±20 ms), and Cit (T 1 , 476±70 ms; T 2 , 228±42 ms). Mean concentrations in healthy prostate were Cho, 2.6±0.3 mM, Cr, 5.8±1.3 mM, and Cit, 26.9±5.5 mM.Conclusion: We observed metabolite relaxation times and concentrations consistent with published values of healthy volunteers at 1.5 and 3T. T 1 values increased and T 2 slightly decreased with magneticˆeld strength. Our preliminary patient results indicate that waterreferenced quantitative MRS of the human prostate is a promising tool for monitoring therapeutic eŠects and detecting tumor relapse, i.e., in situations when Cit intensity is small or undetectable.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

MR Spectroscopy of the Prostate at 3T: Measurements of Relaxation Times and Quantification of Prostate Metabolites using Water as an Internal Reference

Weis

Ortiz-Nieto

Åhlström³

2013

magn reson med sci

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“…As proposed initially by Cooper and Farid [35,36] and continually emphasized in our reports, altered citrate metabolism occurs early in malignancy (perhaps a premalignant stage), which precedes the histopathological identification of malignant prostate cells. These relationships have now been confirmed by magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) studies of the in situ citrate levels of Pca vs. normal and BPH prostate [38][39][40][41][42][43][44]. Indeed, endorectal MRS determination of prostate citrate levels in situ now appears to provide an accurate detection of Pca.…”

Section: Implications Of the Zinc-citrate Relationship In Prostate Mamentioning

confidence: 82%

Novel role of zinc in the regulation of prostate citrate metabolism and its implications in prostate cancer

1998

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“…It is known that by this standard, water resonates at 4.7 ppm; therefore, in vivo experiments are commonly calibrated to the water peak, with the scale set to 4.7 at the water resonance. Because MR spectroscopy provides important information about the biochemical and metabolic environment of the tissue, it is increasingly being used as a biomarker for detection of cancers, including prostate cancer (37).…”

Section: Mr Spectroscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Advancements in MR Imaging of the Prostate: From Diagnosis to Interventions

Bonekamp¹,

Jacobs²,

El-Khouli³

et al. 2011

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Prostate cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in males and the second leading cause of cancer-related death in men. Assessment of prostate cancer can be divided into detection, localization, and staging; accurate assessment is a prerequisite for optimal clinical management and therapy selection. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging has been shown to be of particular help in localization and staging of prostate cancer. Traditional prostate MR imaging has been based on morphologic imaging with standard T1-weighted and T2-weighted sequences, which has limited accuracy. Recent advances include additional functional and physiologic MR imaging techniques (diffusionweighted imaging, MR spectroscopy, and perfusion imaging), which allow extension of the obtainable information beyond anatomic assessment. Multiparametric MR imaging provides the highest accuracy in diagnosis and staging of prostate cancer. In addition, improvements in MR imaging hardware and software (3-T vs 1.5-T imaging) continue to improve spatial and temporal resolution and the signal-to-noise ratio of MR imaging examinations. Another recent advancement in the field is MR imaging guidance for targeted prostate biopsy, which is an alternative to the current standard of transrectal ultrasonographyguided systematic biopsy. Abbreviations: ADC = apparent diffusion coefficient, BPH = benign prostatic hyperplasia, DCE = dynamic contrast-enhanced, DRE = digital rectal examination, EES = extracellular-extravascular space, PSA = prostate-specific antigen, ROI = region of interest, SNR = signal-to-noise ratio, TKCM = tracer kinetic compartmental model

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Proton MR spectroscopy of the normal human prostate with an endorectal coil and a double spin‐echo pulse sequence

Cited by 87 publications

References 29 publications

MR Spectroscopy of the Prostate at 3T: Measurements of Relaxation Times and Quantification of Prostate Metabolites using Water as an Internal Reference

MR Spectroscopy of the Prostate at 3T: Measurements of Relaxation Times and Quantification of Prostate Metabolites using Water as an Internal Reference

Novel role of zinc in the regulation of prostate citrate metabolism and its implications in prostate cancer

Advancements in MR Imaging of the Prostate: From Diagnosis to Interventions

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