Proton Radiotherapy Accelerators

Beam characterisation studies of the 62 MeV proton therapy beamline at the Clatterbridge Cancer Centre

“…This introduces additional considerations to the transport and design of the beamline and also results in several differences to the beam quality and properties. Extensive details can be found in literature [5,8,9,10,11] however for the context of ocular treatments, we mention some key physical characteristics. Facilities which operate at close to the maximum machine energy are able to generate a fixed, passively scattered beam with minimal energy or range straggling effects.…”

Proposed Parameters for a Circular Particle Accelerator for Proton Beam Therapy Obtained by Genetic Algorithm

“…Protons, like heavy ions, interact differently with matter when compared to electromagnetic radiation, such as X-Rays and Gamma Rays. The intensity of the beam decays exponentially with depth for the electromagnetic radiation, and thus does not have a wide reach (WIESZCZYKA; SCHARF, 2001).…”

“…1 of (MAGALLANES; HERNÁNDEZ; FER- NÁNDEZ, 2015) with the energy deposition curves by photons and protons beams. According to (WIESZCZYKA;SCHARF, 2001), the use of proton beam therapy has an advantage over X-ray bundles and gamma rays because protons have a higher deposition of ionizing energy in depth with reduced lateral scattering, unlike photons and, therefore, provide a low attack less to healthy tissues posterior and anterior to the tumor. Therefore, the concentration of energy deposition in a specific region (Bragg peak) is one of the most important characteristic of proton beam.…”

“…According to (WIESZCZYKA;SCHARF, 2001), the deflection of the proton depth-dose curve is very small at first, when compared to the electron curve, mainly due to the difference in mass of the two particles. The occurrence of Bragg Peak is related to the proton interaction shock section that increases as the energy and velocity of the particles decrease, a fact verified at the end of the particle path like showed by (LOMAX, 2003).…”

Technologies for delivery of proton and ion beams for radiotherapy

“…Russian programmes at ITEP and at St. Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute/CRIRR were also quite successful. 57,58,59,60 Following experiments initiated at NIRS (Chiba) and at Tsukuba at the end of the 1970s, 61,62 Japan has become one of the world's largest users of both proton and heavy ion therapy. 63 Stopped-beam treatments with protons (i.e.…”