Proton therapy dosimetry using positron emission tomography

Studenski, Matthew T.; Xiao, Ying

doi:10.4329/wjr.v2.i4.135

Cited by 22 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Most verification methods depend on the imaging of positron-emitting nuclei or prompt gamma rays, which are created via nuclear interactions between the particle beam and the patient. For an overview of these nuclear techniques, we refer to the reviews by Studenski and Xiao (2010), Parodi (2011), Fiedler et al (2012), Zhu and El Fakhri (2013), Knopf and Lomax (2013), Kraan (2015), and Parodi (2015). A completely different technique, currently under investigation is the detection of thermoacoustic waves generated by a local increase in temperature, due to absorbed dose using an ultrasound probe (Hayakawa et al 1995, Assmann et al 2015, Jones et al 2015.…”

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confidence: 99%

Beam-on imaging of short-lived positron emitters during proton therapy

et al. 2017

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In vivo dose delivery verification in proton therapy can be performed by positron emission tomography (PET) of the positron-emitting nuclei produced by the proton beam in the patient. A PET scanner installed in the treatment position of a proton therapy facility that takes data with the beam on will see very short-lived nuclides as well as longer-lived nuclides. The most important short-lived nuclide for proton therapy is N (Dendooven et al 2015 Phys. Med. Biol. 60 8923-47), which has a half-life of 11 ms. The results of a proof-of-principle experiment of beam-on PET imaging of short-livedN nuclei are presented. The Philips Digital Photon Counting Module TEK PET system was used, which is based on LYSO scintillators mounted on digital SiPM photosensors. A 90 MeV proton beam from the cyclotron at KVI-CART was used to investigate the energy and time spectra of PET coincidences during beam-on. Events coinciding with proton bunches, such as prompt gamma rays, were removed from the data via an anti-coincidence filter with the cyclotron RF. The resulting energy spectrum allowed good identification of the 511 keV PET counts during beam-on. A method was developed to subtract the long-lived background from the N image by introducing a beam-off period into the cyclotron beam time structure. We measured 2D images and 1D profiles of theN distribution. A range shift of 5 mm was measured as 6 ± 3 mm using the N profile. A larger, more efficient, PET system with a higher data throughput capability will allow beam-onN PET imaging of single spots in the distal layer of an irradiation with an increased signal-to-background ratio and thus better accuracy. A simulation shows that a large dual panel scanner, which images a single spot directly after it is delivered, can measure a 5 mm range shift with millimeter accuracy: 5.5 ± 1.1 mm for 1 × 10 protons and 5.2 ± 0.5 mm for 5 × 10 protons. This makes fast and accurate feedback on the dose delivery during treatment possible.

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confidence: 99%

Beam-on imaging of short-lived positron emitters during proton therapy

et al. 2017

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“…Alternately, separated dual fullring detectors, 71 slanted 72 and axially shifted 73 single full-ring detectors have been proposed in order to improve the sensitivity while leaving a beam access. TOF information reduces the artefacts when using partial ring geometry: [74][75][76][77][78] two-third ring scanner with 600 ps TOF resolution provides accurate proton dose monitoring. Improved TOF resolutions should allow starting the therapy optimization sooner after the beam lightening is on.…”

Section: Development Of Novel Acquisitions Dual Radiotracers Acquisitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Update on novel trends in PET/CT technology and its clinical applications

Walrand

Hesse

Jamar

2016

The British Journal of Radiology

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After a brief history of the major evolutions of positron emission tomography since its introduction in 1972, this article reviews the recent improvements and novel trends in positron emission tomography with a special focus on the time of flight that is currently the major research topic. Novel emerging acquisition modalities, such as dual tracer acquisition, inline hadron therapy dose imaging and yttrium-90 imaging are reviewed.

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“…Given the absence in particle therapy of primary radiation exiting the patient body, in vivo verification techniques rely on the detection of secondary emissions resulting from particle interactions in the body: annihilation photons ( [32][33][34][35][36] among others; review papers [37][38][39]), prompt gamma rays ( [40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48] among others and review [49]), other secondary particles [50][51][52], and iono-acoustic waves [53][54][55][56][57].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real-Time PET Imaging for Range Verification of Helium Radiotherapy

et al. 2020

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Real-time range verification of particle beams is important for optimal exploitation of the tissue-sparing advantages of particle therapy. Positron Emission Tomography (PET) of the beam-induced positron emitters such as 15 O (T 1/2 = 122 s) and 11 C (T 1/2 = 1223 s) has been used for monitoring of therapy in both clinical and preclinical studies. However, the half-lives of these nuclides preclude prompt feedback, i.e., on a sub-second timescale, on dose delivery. The in vivo verification technique relying on the in-beam PET imaging of very short-lived positron emitters such as 12 N (T 1/2 = 11 ms), recently proposed and investigated in feasibility experiments with a proton beam, provides millimeter precision in range measurement a few tens of milliseconds after the start of an irradiation. With the increasing interest in helium therapy, it becomes relevant to study the feasibility of prompt feedback using PET also for helium beams. A recent study has demonstrated the production of very short-lived nuclides (T 1/2 = 10 ms attributed to 12 N and/or 13 O) during irradiation of water and graphite with helium ions. This work is aimed at investigating the range verification potential of imaging these very short-lived nuclides. PMMA targets were irradiated with a 90 AMeV 4 He pencil beam consisting of a series of pulses of 10 ms beam-on and 90 ms beam-off. Two modules of a modified Siemens Biograph mCT PET scanner (21 × 21 cm 2), installed 25 cm apart, were used to image the beam-induced PET activity during the beam-off periods. For the irradiation of PMMA, we identify the very short-lived activity earlier observed to be 12 N (T 1/2 = 11.0 ms). The range precision determined from the 12 N activity profile that is measured after just one beam pulse was found to be 9.0 and 4.1 mm (1σ) with 1.3 × 10 7 4 He ions per pulse and 6.6 × 10 7 4 He ions per pulse, respectively. When considering 4.0 × 10 7 4 He ions, which is about the intensity of the most intense distal layer spot in a helium therapy plan, a range verification precision in PMMA of 5.7 mm (1σ) can be realized. The range precision scales approximately with the inverse square root of the number of 4 He ions, i.e., the relative statistical accuracy of the number of coincidence events. Thus, when summing data over about 10 distal layer spots, this study shows good prospects for obtaining 1.8 mm (1σ) precision in range verification, within 50 ms after the start of a helium irradiation by in-beam PET imaging (scanner 29% solid angle) of 12 N.

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Proton therapy dosimetry using positron emission tomography

Cited by 22 publications

References 40 publications

Beam-on imaging of short-lived positron emitters during proton therapy

Beam-on imaging of short-lived positron emitters during proton therapy

Update on novel trends in PET/CT technology and its clinical applications

Real-Time PET Imaging for Range Verification of Helium Radiotherapy

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