“…Introduction 44 F-type ATPases are highly conserved oligomeric complexes that 45 play a central role in energy transduction in mitochondria, chloro- 46 plasts and bacterial membranes [1]. In particular, mitochondrial 47 F 1 F O -ATP synthase (H + -translocating adenosine triphosphatase, 48 EC 3.6.3.14) is a key participant in oxidative phosphorylation.…”