Protonic-based ceramics for fuel cells and electrolyzers

Materials development and prospective for protonic ceramic fuel cells

“…Nevertheless, this latter category of materials is not suitable and used as electrolyte materials because of the formation of electronic defects as compensational charges, which eventually triggers electronic conductivity. 84 Hence, in a sodden atmosphere, protonic defects are formed through the dissociation of water into two hydroxyl ions in the presence of oxygen lattice and oxide ion vacancies as illustrated in Equation ( 3). The formation of these hydroxyl ions is due to the covalent bond formation between the lattice oxygen from the structure and a proton, and also as a result of the filling of the oxygen ion vacancy by the other hydroxide ion to form a protonic defect.…”

Glycerol Oligomerization over Titania‐Based Catalyst Compositions

“…Their appearance in sulfated TiO 2 , presumably, can be explained by the hydrophilic nature of sulfonic groups, [53] which detach a proton from hydroxyls, [54] thus exposing O 2− ions. Proton migration is promoted by a weak O−H bond in the oxide structure [55] . Proton transport depends on the inter‐oxygen distance, which is quite small for anatase and is about 0.38 nm [56] …”

“…Proton migration is promoted by a weak OÀ H bond in the oxide structure. [55] Proton transport depends on the inter-oxygen distance, which is quite small for anatase and is about 0.38 nm. [56] The acid and base characteristics of titania samples and composites, calculated from the data of Quasi-Equilibrium Thermal Desorption of NH 3 and CO 2 are given in Table 2.…”

A review of progress in proton ceramic electrochemical cells: material and structural design, coupled with value-added chemical production

“…54,279 On the other hand, when Ni-cermet electrodes use non-H 2 fuels such as hydrocarbons or NH 3 as a fuel, concerns arise regarding carbon deposition or Ni nitridation. 280,281 Therefore, higher requirements and further modifications are needed. One promising strategy is to increase the density of the catalytic nanoparticles.…”

“…398 Practical applications of PCECs inevitably involve the use of hydrocarbons as fuel and the presence of sulfur in the fuel, which could lead to performance degradation due to carbon deposition and sulfur poisoning. 281,[399][400][401] Duan et al directly tested the performance of a PCEC operating with 12 fuels (hydrogen, methane (with 2 different O : C ratios), domestic natural gas (with and without hydrogen sulfide), propane, n-butane, i-butane, isooctane, methanol, ethanol, and ammonia) (Fig. 24(g) and (h)).…”