Prototheca: A Danger Underwater

Vélez-Mejía, Carolina; Vélez-Londoño, Juan Diego

doi:10.1016/j.idcr.2017.05.014

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…To date there is no defined standard treatment for this infection, antifungals (e.g, amphotericin B, itraconazole, fluconazole, voriconazole) and antibacterials (e.g, tetracycline, gentamicin, amikacin) have been used with variable success rates [ 6 – 11 ]. In Colombia, 10 cases of protothecosis shown in Table 2 have been described, this being the first in critical condition with hematogenous dissemination.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systemic protothecosis in an immunocompetent patient

Sierra¹,

Arroyo-Salgado

Rodriguez-Blanco³

et al. 2022

Trop Dis Travel Med Vaccines

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Background Although uncommon, there is increasing interest and public health concerns of the pathogen Prototheca spp, a ubiquitous achlorophilic microalgae that can affect both humans and animals. High mortality rates have been reported in immunocompromised patients with disseminated infection, but no data is available in the immunocompetent population. Case Presentation We present the case of a 59-year-old man from rural area of Colombia who was admitted to the intensive care unit due to decompensated heart failure that was difficult to medically manage, with development of septic shock and isolation of Prototheca wickerhamii from blood culture. Fluconazole and Amphotericin B were given with successful outcome. Conclusions To date, protothecosis and its virulence factors and pathogenesis remain to be fully understood, in our case the isolation of this microalga and its implication of exacerbating chronic conditions such as heart failure is unclear. The medical-scientific community is invited to study this microorganism to determine effective management strategies, as well as its timely identification, treatment, and control, to avoid fatal outcomes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systemic protothecosis in an immunocompetent patient

Sierra¹,

Arroyo-Salgado

Rodriguez-Blanco³

et al. 2022

Trop Dis Travel Med Vaccines

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“…Isolates from bovine mastitis in Germany, Italy, Japan, Portugal and Poland were nearly all identified as P. zopfii genotype 2 which is now named “ P. bovis ” [ 9 ], suggesting that it was the main causative agent of bovine protothecal mastitis [ 10 , 11 ]. The frequency of bovine protothecal mastitis has been alarmingly increasing worldwide [ 5 ], which may represent a serious problem due to the inherent resistance of these microalgae to different classes of antimicrobial drugs [ 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The genus Prototheca consists of algae ubiquitous in the environment and animal intestines [1][2][3][4]. P. bovis and P. blashkae cause chronic mastitis in cattle, resulting in severe economic losses [5], which are incurred either directly through reduced milk production, secretion of thin, watery milk containing white flakes and premature culling of affected animals or indirectly via treatment and veterinary care expenses [6,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genotypic and phenotypic diversity of Prototheca spp. recovered from bovine mastitis in terms of antimicrobial resistance and biofilm formation ability

2022

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Background The Prototheca algae have recently emerged as an important cause of bovine mastitis globally. Isolates from bovine mastitis in several countries were nearly all identified as P. bovis, suggesting that it was the main causative agent of bovine protothecal mastitis. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the presence and isolation of Prototheca spp. in dairy farms, detect the genetic diversity among strains, determine the capacity of producing biofilm and their resistance to antifungal and antimicrobial drugs. Results A total of 48 Prototheca isolates from four different farms were randomly selected to be investigated. Multiplex PCR showed all isolated colonies were Prototheca bovis. Performing RAPD-PCR by using OPA-4 primer, it was revealed that there was a clear amplification pattern. Different levels of biofilm production were observed among strains. Among 48 isolates, only 4 of them (8.33%) showed strong biofilm production. By using E-test strips, amphotericin B was able to inhibit the growth of all the strains tested. Disc diffusion method used for antimicrobial sensitivity test showed that the highest activity was demonstrated by gentamicin and colistin with 95.83% (46/48) and 89.58% (43/48) of sensitive strains, respectively. Conclusions The present study showed that RAPD-PCR was a rapid tool for discriminating P. bovis strains. Also, gentamicin and colistin can be considered as potential antimicrobial drugs which can prevent the growth of the mentioned strains in vitro, although there is no effective clinical treatment yet. Further studies are needed in order to detect an effective clinical therapy considering biofilm production by Prototheca spp. and their probable role in Prototheca pathogenicity.

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Sewage Sludge

2022

Aquatic Environmental Bioengineering

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Prototheca: A Danger Underwater

Cited by 5 publications

References 5 publications

Systemic protothecosis in an immunocompetent patient

Systemic protothecosis in an immunocompetent patient

Genotypic and phenotypic diversity of Prototheca spp. recovered from bovine mastitis in terms of antimicrobial resistance and biofilm formation ability

Sewage Sludge

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