Protótipo de uma tecnologia móvel para classificação de risco de portadores de hipertensão arterial e diabetes mellitus

Abstract

The problem of chronic conditions is a worldwide concern of health care that motivates researchers mainly in relation to arterial hypertension and diabetes mellitus, and the high morbidity and mortality rates related to these conditions are the cause of this motivation. The sufferers of these diseases tend to present needs and problems that must be permanently monitored to achieve the goal of an integral and longitudinal care. In this context, it is worth to highlight the risk classification, a process performed during the nursing consultation, which simplifies the epidemiological survey and the preventive approach of the individuals, showing itself as a relevant tool in the field of primary care. The risk classification comes to contribute to care's qualification of those patients by the nurse, and the use of information technologies can contribute to this process by improving its effectiveness since the professional can access the necessary information in an agile and systematized way. The objective of this work was to develop a software prototype for risk classification of hypertensive and DM patients. The methodology was based on the life cycle of development systems, using the concept of prototyping and considering as theoretical complement support the group of theoretical and practical elements of the integrality of attention that allows a broader view of the risk classification. The definition phase was started with planning followed by an analysis and definition phase of functional and non-functional requirements. For the validation of functional requirements of the prototype, the conceptual elements of the risk assessment for the SAH and DM were considered, defined by the State Health Department of Minas Gerais, in addition to aspects raised by interviewed nurses of the basic units of the town who sign the TCLE. Of a total of 19 nurses, 11 were interviewed. Initially, the nurses answered a questionnaire and then interviewed, using a semi structured interview which was recorded and transcribed on its entirety. The method of interview analysis was a content analysis on its thematic aspect, resulting on the grouping of three major themes: conceptual elements for risk assessment, the availability of the application and facilities and difficulties in the care network. Then, the prototype development stage was started using a specific software called Pencil Program. For this stage we counted on the collaboration of a systems analyst, who was responsible for assisting on the translation of the functional requirements in the prototype screens. The interviews allowed to identify that the prototype can become a tool with power to interconnect information between health professionals of the ESF and other services of the attention network. Also, the nurses highlighted the relevance of a tool to assist them in risk classification. In conclusion, this work allowed a link with the creation of the app to its implantation and evaluation by the nurses.