Prototype Drop Tests of Cube and Cubipod Armor Units

Medina, Josep R.; Gómez-Martín, M. Esther; Corredor, Antonio; Torres, Rafael; Miñana, Juan V.; Fernández, E.; Menéndez, Carlos F.; Santos, Márcia Sousa

doi:10.1061/(asce)ww.1943-5460.0000064

Cited by 9 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 16 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Considering a 1/50 scale, the Cubipod units used in these tests were equivalent to the 16-tonne Cubipod CAUs previously subjected to prototype drop tests (see Medina et al, 2011).…”

Section: Laboratory Of Ports and Coasts At The Universitat Politècnicmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heterogeneous Packing and Hydraulic Stability of Cube and Cubipod Armor Units

Gómez-Martín

Medina

2014

J. Waterway, Port, Coastal, Ocean Eng.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This paper describes the Heterogeneous Packing (HeP) failure mode of breakwater armors.HeP reduces the packing density of the armor layer near and above the mean water level (MWL) and increases the packing density below the MWL; armor units can move in the armor layer, although they are not actually extracted from it. When HeP occurs, armor layer porosity is not constant, and measurements obtained with conventional methods underestimate actual armor damage. First, in this paper the Virtual Net (VN) method is proposed to calculate armor damage considering both armor unit extraction (AUE) and HeP.The Cubipod concrete armor unit (CAU) is then described as a solution to the effects of HeP on conventional cubic block armors. The hydraulic stability of cube and Cubipod CAUs was compared in 2D laboratory experiments. Cube and Cubipod armor layers were tested in two wave flumes under non-breaking and non-overtopping conditions. The hydraulic stability was higher for double-layer Cubipod armors than for single-layer Cubipod armors, which had a higher hydraulic stability than conventional double-layer cube armors.2

show abstract

“…Considering a 1/50 scale, the Cubipod units used in these tests were equivalent to the 16-tonne Cubipod CAUs previously subjected to prototype drop tests (see Medina et al, 2011).…”

Section: Laboratory Of Ports and Coasts At The Universitat Politècnicmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heterogeneous Packing and Hydraulic Stability of Cube and Cubipod Armor Units

Gómez-Martín

Medina

2014

J. Waterway, Port, Coastal, Ocean Eng.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Además, para garantizar la trabazón hay que seguir unos procedimientos estrictos de colocación (ver Paulsen y Wareing, 2009). Por el contrario, el Cubípodo es una pieza masiva (ver Medina et al, 2011) que se coloca aleatoriamente siguiendo una malla de diamante convencional, no tiene limitaciones de tamaño y sus requerimientos logísticos son similares a los del bloque cúbico convencional (dos puestas/día, acopio en múltiples alturas, pinzas de presión, etc.). En consecuencia, las piezas disponibles en la actualidad permiten proteger con mantos monocapa todos los diques que en la actualidad utilizan mantos bicapa; la optimización económica, logística y de impacto ambiental determinará la mejor opción en cada caso.…”

Section: Mantos Monocapaunclassified

Design and construction of mound breakwaters

Medina

Pascual

2014

ing.agua

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ResumenSe describe la evolución de las técnicas de diseño de los diques rompeolas y de algunos equipos y técnicas constructivas que los han impulsado. Se analiza sobre todo la influencia de las investigaciones teóricas y de laboratorio, desde los estudios y procedimientos pioneros de Iribarren hace 80 años hasta la construcción de diques protegidos con mantos monocapa de las últimas décadas y la optimización económica de las huellas energéticas y del carbono para una construcción sostenible. Se analiza el desarrollo de nuevos conceptos, la invención de nuevas formas geométricas para las unidades del manto, el gran impacto de las observaciones basadas en los ensayos físicos a escala reducida y la importancia de los condicionantes logísticos, métodos y técnicas de cada época para explicar la evolución en la manera de diseñar y construir grandes diques en talud a lo largo del tiempo.Palabras clave | Diques rompeolas; diques en talud; manto principal; espaldón; estabilidad hidráulica; rebase. ABsTRACT This paper describes the evolution of design techniques applied to mound breakwaters as well as some key tools, equipment and construction techniques. The influence of the theoretical and laboratory research is analyzed in detail, from the pioneering research by Iribarren eighty years ago to the construction of single-layer armored breakwaters in recent decades. The economic optimization and the new embodied energy and carbon concepts associated to the construction of mound breakwaters are studied. New concepts as well as the invention of new armor units are examined as is their impact based on the observations from small-scale physical experiments and the relevance of the equipment and logistic constraints to explain the evolution of the way mound breakwaters have been designed and built over time.Key words | Mound breakwaters; armor units; crown wall; hydraulic stability; overtopping. InTRODuCCIÓnDesde la antigüedad, la navegación marítima y fluvial propició el desarrollo del comercio y el intercambio cultural de los diversos pueblos. Fenicios, griegos y romanos establecieron redes de navegación apoyadas en puertos que actuaban como nodos de conexión del transporte, el comercio y la cultura entre diferentes pueblos. Para asentar los puertos en la antigüedad se utilizaban los abrigos naturales de la costa, las ensenadas y sobre todo, los ríos navegables. Aunque no se solían construir grandes obras de abrigo por su elevado coste, en algunos casos como el puerto de Alejandría o el de Ostia en la desembocadura del Tiber, se construyeron diques de escollera para crear zonas abrigadas artificiales (cerca de Roma en el caso de Ostia). Los diques se construían lanzando

show abstract

“…Single-layer Cubipod armors have shown a significant resilience and self-repairing behavior in small-scale tests; if a specific unit is extracted, the neighboring CAUs tend to move slightly to close the gap and prevent progressive failure. Furthermore, structural strength is guaranteed because of the high resistance to impacts (see Medina et al, 2011).…”

Section: Single-and Double-layer Armorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Placement of Cubipod Armor Units in San Andrés Breakwater (Port of Malaga, Spain)

Corredor¹,

Santos²,

Gómez-Martín

et al. 2012

Int. Conf. Coastal. Eng.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Single- and double-layer Cubipod armors were considered in the preliminary design of the San Andrés breakwater (Port of Malaga, Spain). 2D and 3D hydraulic stability and overtopping tests for single- and double-layer Cubipod armors were carried out as well as realistic 3D placement tests using a small-scale crawler crane and pressure clamps. The low bearing capacity of the sea bottom and the uncertainty about breakwater settlements were the key factors to use the double-layer Cubipod armor in the final design. Optimum placement grids are different for straight trunk, curved trunk and roundhead designs; the dimensionless plan curvature is the key factor for optimum placement grids. The bottom Cubipod armor layer placed on 1-tonne quarrystone was better placed with lower porosity than the upper Cubipod layer placed on 6-tonne (2.6 m3) Cubipods. The on-going prototype placement method with a crawler crane and pressure clamps is similar to that used in the small-scale tests.

show abstract

Prototype Drop Tests of Cube and Cubipod Armor Units

Cited by 9 publications

References 16 publications

Heterogeneous Packing and Hydraulic Stability of Cube and Cubipod Armor Units

Heterogeneous Packing and Hydraulic Stability of Cube and Cubipod Armor Units

Design and construction of mound breakwaters

Placement of Cubipod Armor Units in San Andrés Breakwater (Port of Malaga, Spain)

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About