Protozoan and helminthes parasites endorsed by imported camels (Camel dromedaries) to Egypt

El-Khabaz, Khaled A. S.; Abdel-Hakeem, Sara S.; Arfa, Mohsen I.

doi:10.1007/s12639-019-01138-y

Cited by 22 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Coccidiosis can be a cause of morbidity and mortality in young ruminants, including camels (31)(32)(33). Infections most commonly occur in camels 6 months to 2 years of age, and are characterized by severe diarrhea, dehydration, and possible death (31).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Presentation, Clinical Pathology Abnormalities, and Identification of Gastrointestinal Parasites in Camels (Camelus bactrianus and Camelus dromedarius) Presenting to Two North American Veterinary Teaching Hospitals. A Retrospective Study: 1980–2020

et al. 2021

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Old World Camelids (OWC) represent two species (Camelus bactrianus and Camelus dromedarius) with increasing numbers in North America. Gastrointestinal (GI) parasitism is a major cause of clinical disease in camelids and leads to significant economic impacts. Literature reporting on clinical parasitism of camels is localized to India, Africa, and the Middle East, with limited information available on OWCs in North America. Objectives of this study were to report on clinical presentation and diagnostic findings in Camelus bactrianus and Camelus dromedarius with GI parasitism and provide a comparative analysis between geographic regions. Medical records of OWCs presenting to two veterinary teaching hospitals (of the University of Tennessee and University of Wisconsin) were evaluated. Thirty-one camels including 11 Bactrians and six dromedaries (14 species not recorded) were included for the clinical component of this study, reporting on signalment, presenting complaint, and clinical pathology. Anorexia, weight loss, and diarrhea were the most common presenting complaint. Clinical pathology findings included eosinophilia, hypoproteinemia, and hyponatremia. For the second component of this study, a total of 77 fecal parasite examination results were evaluated for parasite identification and regional variation. Trichuris, Capillaria, Strongyloides, Nematodirus, Dictyocaulus, Moniezia, and protozoan parasites (Eimeria, Cryptosporidium, Giardia) were recorded. Strongyle-type eggs predominated, followed by Trichuris and Eimeria spp. There was a statistically significant variation in prevalence of coccidia between the two regions, with fecal examinations from Tennessee more likely to contain Eimeria (P = 0.0193). Clinicians treating camels in North America should recognize anorexia, weight loss, and diarrhea combined with clinical pathologic changes of hypoproteinemia, eosinophilia and hyponatremia as possible indications of GI parasitism. Clinicians should also consider the potential for regional variation to exist for GI parasites of camels in different areas of North America.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Presentation, Clinical Pathology Abnormalities, and Identification of Gastrointestinal Parasites in Camels (Camelus bactrianus and Camelus dromedarius) Presenting to Two North American Veterinary Teaching Hospitals. A Retrospective Study: 1980–2020

et al. 2021

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“…The acute disease could lead to emaciation, orchitis, heart failure, arteriosclerosis and nervous impairment (Oryan et al ., 2008). Our knowledge on this parasite is limited to prevalence studies in arid, semi-arid countries of the world, including Egypt, Nigeria, Saudia Arabia, Iran and India (Pathak and Chahabra, 2010; Sazmand et al ., 2013; Egbe-Nwiyi et al ., 2016; El-Khabaz et al ., 2019). Globally, the estimated prevalence in adult camels was 2.5–4%, while it was 47.5% in less than 1-year-old camels (Muhammad and Athar, 2000).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Filarial worms: a systematic review and meta-analysis of diversity in animals from Iran with emphasis on human cases

et al. 2020

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Current systematic review and meta-analysis demonstrate the prevalence reports of filariasis in animals in Iran along with human cases. Studies were screened, relevant papers were selected and the random-effect model was used by forest plot with 95% confidence interval (CI). Of 17 records of human case-reports, particularly from Khuzestan province (5 cases), Dirofilaria repens was the most detected parasite (10 cases) with higher involvement of the right eye (7 cases) than other organs. Eleven animal species were reported to be parasitised by filarioids in Iran. The prevalence of Dirofilaria immitis in canids was 14.69% (95% CI: 10.33–19.67), with highest rates (20.92%; 95% CI: 13.84–29.03) in free-ranging dogs. Male (10.07%; 95% CI: 5.10–16.47) and more than 1-year old (20.77%; 95% CI: 8.66–36.42) dogs were more likely to be found infected. The frequency of other filarioids of zoonotic interest was: Acanthocheilonema reconditum in dogs 2.15% (95% CI: 0.71–4.33), Dipetalonema evansi in camels 10.16% (95% CI: 4.73–17.34), Onchocerca cervicalis in horses 3.63% (95% CI: 1.44–6.75%) and Onchocerca fasciata 16.57% (95% CI: 10.12–24.24%) in camels. Still, our knowledge on parasitic filariae in Iran is limited and more investigation is needed in both human and animal populations.

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“…Except S. indicum, all these species have been reported in humans (Cox 2015;Sazmand et al, 2019b). The S. spindale has been reported in Egyptian camels (El-Khabaz et al 2019). The disease is more common in South America, Middle East, Africa and Asia.…”

Section: Schistosomiasismentioning

confidence: 97%

“…gov/parasites /schistosomiasis/health_professionals/index.html#tx). Prevalence of S. spindale in Egyptian camel was reported as 0.8% (El-Khabaz et al 2019). In north-west part of Thar Desert in India, prevalence was 1.45 % (Singh et al, 2013).…”

Section: Schistosomiasismentioning

confidence: 99%

Parasitic Zoonoses and Camel

2021

Int J Vet Sci

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Protozoan and helminthes parasites endorsed by imported camels (Camel dromedaries) to Egypt

Cited by 22 publications

References 27 publications

Presentation, Clinical Pathology Abnormalities, and Identification of Gastrointestinal Parasites in Camels (Camelus bactrianus and Camelus dromedarius) Presenting to Two North American Veterinary Teaching Hospitals. A Retrospective Study: 1980–2020

Presentation, Clinical Pathology Abnormalities, and Identification of Gastrointestinal Parasites in Camels (Camelus bactrianus and Camelus dromedarius) Presenting to Two North American Veterinary Teaching Hospitals. A Retrospective Study: 1980–2020

Filarial worms: a systematic review and meta-analysis of diversity in animals from Iran with emphasis on human cases

Parasitic Zoonoses and Camel

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