Protozoan Colonization of Artificial Substrates

Cairns, John; Kuhn, David L.; Plafkin, James L.

doi:10.1520/stp35062s

Cited by 67 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…2,5,9,[11][12][13][14][15][16] PFU (polyurethane foam unit) protozoan communities have been shown to form complex species assemblages which exhibit many of the characteristics of structural communities. 2,9,17 Cairns et al 18 have expounded that the rate at which protozoans colonize on PFU artificial substrates in lentic waters (a functional characteristic which is observed by looking at changes in structure through time) is correlated with the degree of the lake's eutrophication. Since the 1970s, Cairns and his colleagues have developed the PFU method to monitor pollution levels of freshwater.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since the 1970s, Cairns and his colleagues have developed the PFU method to monitor pollution levels of freshwater. 5,8,[17][18][19][20][21][22] The PFU method was introduced to China by Shen in the 1980s and has been widely used to evaluate the environmental quality of natural waters in China and other countries. 2,[9][10][11]23,24 The Chaohu Lake, located along one of the tributaries of the Yangtze River, is one of the five largest freshwater lakes in China (longitude 1171 3 of water in the dry season and its depth is variable according to the hydrologic conditions, usually below four metres (maximum depth 6 m, mean 3 m).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Use of PFU protozoan community structural and functional characteristics in assessment of water quality in a large, highly polluted freshwater lake in China

Cao

Xie

et al. 2005

J. Environ. Monit.

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Structural and functional parameters of protozoan communities colonizing on PFU (polyurethane foam unit) artificial substrate were assessed as indicators of water quality in the Chaohu Lake, a large, shallow and highly polluted freshwater lake in China. Protozoan communities were sampled 1, 3, 6, 9 and 14 days after exposure of PFU artificial substrate in the lake during October 2003. Four study stations with the different water quality gradient changes along the lake were distinguishable in terms of differences in the community's structural (species richness, individual abundance, etc.) and functional parameters (protozoan colonization rates on PFU). The concentrations of TP, TN, COD and BOD as the main chemical indicators of pollution at the four sampling sites were also obtained each year during 2002-2003 for comparison with biological parameters. The results showed that the species richness and PFU colonization rate decreased as pollution intensity increased and that the Margalef diversity index values calculated at four sampling sites also related to water quality. The three functional parameters based on the PFU colonization process, that is, S eq , G and T 90% , were strongly related to the pollution status of the water. The number of protozoan species colonizing on PFU after exposure of 1 to 3 days was found to give a clear comparative indication of the water quality at the four sampling stations. The research provides further evidence that the protozoan community may be utilized effectively in the assessment of water quality and that the PFU method furnishes rapid, cost-effective and reliable information that may be useful for measuring responses to pollution stress in aquatic ecosystems.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of PFU protozoan community structural and functional characteristics in assessment of water quality in a large, highly polluted freshwater lake in China

Cao

Xie

et al. 2005

J. Environ. Monit.

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“…The impact of lead has been well reported for a long time, in contrast to that of mercury and cadmium. These e!ects have been studied using protozoans as test objects (Cairns et al, 1979;Fernandez-Leborans and Novillo, 1994a;FernandezLeborans et al, 1998). Gray (1974) described the e!ects of three metals, mercury, lead, and zinc, on the growth rate of the ciliate Cristigera.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicity and Bioaccumulation of Lead and Cadmium in Marine Protozoan Communities

Fernández-Leborans

Herrero

2000

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety

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“…Cairns et al (1979) proposed a protozoan colonization test to determine whether the protozoan communities that colonize the artificial substrates were affected by the chemical substances in the substrates (exposure). Burks and Wilhm (1977) described a similar approach using artificial substrates for benthic invertebrates.…”

Section: Field Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Los estudios en el campo se han realizado sobre distintos niveles tróficos; así, por ejemplo, Cairns et al (1979) proponen un test de la colonización de protozoos que determina si esta comunidad, la cual coloniza substratos artificiales, es afectada por las sustancias químicas existentes en dichos substratos (exposición). Burks y Wilhm (1977) describieron un método muy parecido usando substrato artificial para invertebrados bentónicos.…”

Section: Estudios In Situunclassified

Advances in marine ecotoxicology: laboratory tests versus field assessment data on sediment quality studies

DelValls

Conradi²

2000

Cienc. Mar.

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Ecotoxicology is concerned with describing and predicting the behaviour of substances in the environment and the response of biological systems, and ultimately with assessing the risks associated with emissions. These assessments are complicated from a basic-science point of view and they should be carried out by using integrative assessments. Contaminated sediments are a significant regulatory issue with important science implications. Determining the impact of contaminated sediments is a key element in environmental risk assessment and management of water resources. Tests for ecotoxicology assessment in sediments may be conducted either in the laboratory or field. Both approaches have advantages and disadvantages. Data from different studies performed in laboratory conditions and in field assessments are compared here. The principal advantages of sediment toxicity tests in the laboratory are the possibility to standardize methodologies and to provide direct evidence of sediments as causative agents of toxicity; however, the results are difficult to extrapolate to the field. The results obtained here show the importance of the end point selected in each test and the variability of the responses. Therefore, the results highlight the necessity and importance of the battery-of-tests approach for toxicity assessment. On the other hand, field sediment toxicity has the advantage of empirical evidence and strong correlative indication of the contaminants responsible for toxicity; however, the results obtained from these tests are highly affected by casualty, so it is not possible to isolate a single causative factor. When structural macrofaunal parameters are incorporated into field tests, the results are even more difficult to interpret, because their parameters can be mainly related to organic enrichment or another kind of natural stress, such as salinity gradient, tidal stress conditions, etc.

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Protozoan Colonization of Artificial Substrates

Cited by 67 publications

References 29 publications

Use of PFU protozoan community structural and functional characteristics in assessment of water quality in a large, highly polluted freshwater lake in China

Use of PFU protozoan community structural and functional characteristics in assessment of water quality in a large, highly polluted freshwater lake in China

Toxicity and Bioaccumulation of Lead and Cadmium in Marine Protozoan Communities

Advances in marine ecotoxicology: laboratory tests versus field assessment data on sediment quality studies

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