Protracted bacterial bronchitis: reinventing an old disease

Craven, Vanessa; Everard, Mark L.

doi:10.1136/archdischild-2012-302760

Cited by 74 publications

(122 citation statements)

References 38 publications

(31 reference statements)

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“…Several studies show that protracted bacterial bronchitis is by far the most frequent cause of chronic wet cough in children who are referred to a specialist. This is also true when the referral diagnosis was asthma (5,7,9). In an Australian multi-centre study, 41 % of 346 children referred with chronic wet cough were diagnosed after a thorough examination as having protracted bacterial bronchitis (7).…”

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In protracted bacterial bronchitis, the cough continues for four to eight weeks, and often for several months if not treated (1,3,9).…”

Section: Symptoms Signs and Clinical Examinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A tidal volume curve that shows obstruction during exhalation may indicate airway malacia as the cause of the symptoms, and in the event of obstruction that is reversible with salbutamol, asthma should be considered (1,9). Asthma may be considered in cases of chronic wet cough, but is seldom a cause, and should not be diagnosed in cases of chronic wet cough alone.…”

Section: Differential Diagnosesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This may lead to children receiving other diagnoses and treatment (8,9). In our experience, many of these children are diagnosed as having asthma, or receive treatment for asthma, but wet cough without variable airway obstruction is seldom asthma (1,10).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are no Norwegian guidelines for protracted bacterial bronchitis, but internationally there are recommendations for assessment and management of children with this condition (1,6,(9)(10)(11). We have used these papers and other literature to create the following overview of protracted bacterial bronchitis, with proposals for assessment and treatment, designed especially for Norwegian general practitioners and paediatricians.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Protrahert bakteriell bronkitt hos barn

Øymar¹,

Mikalsen²,

Crowley³

2017

Tidsskriftet

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Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In protracted bacterial bronchitis, the cough continues for four to eight weeks, and often for several months if not treated (1,3,9).…”

Section: Symptoms Signs and Clinical Examinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Differential Diagnosesmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Protrahert bakteriell bronkitt hos barn

Øymar¹,

Mikalsen²,

Crowley³

2017

Tidsskriftet

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Comparison of Pathogen Eradication Rate and Safety of Anti‐Bacterial Agents for Bronchitis: A Network Meta‐Analysis

Wang

et al. 2017

J of Cellular Biochemistry

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A large number of population in both developing and developed countries are affected by bronchitis, among all the factors, bacterial infection was considered as a critical cause of acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. Although several anti-bacterial agents were proved to have the effect of alleviating bronchitis, their relative efficacies and potential side effects remained not clear. We are keen to compare the pathogen eradication rate and safety of anti-bacterial agents for bronchitis. Relevant studies were searched in multiple sources and data were extracted from eligible studies. Then conventional meta-analysis and network meta-analysis (NMA) were conducted to determine the relative efficacy and safety of bronchitis medications. The efficacy of bronchitis medications was determined by using the outcome of pathogen eradication, including total pathogen eradication, pathogen eradication of Haemophilus influenzae, pathogen eradication of Moraxella catarrhalis, and pathogen eradication of Streptococcus pneumoniae. In addition, safety was assessed by using the outcome of adverse effects and diarrhoea. A 27 RCTs with 9,414 participants were included in the study. Among the medications, gatifloxacin and moxifloxacin exhibited better performance than clarithromycin with respect to pathogen eradication of H. influenzae (OR = 21.37, CI: 1.22-541.28; OR = 7.43, CI: 1.79-30.50). Clarithromycin, gemifloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, and telithromycin appeared to be more preferable than amoxicillin + clavulanate and azithromycin with respect to diarrhoea (all OR <1). The surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) results suggested that gemifloxacin and levofloxacin had a relatively high ranking in total pathogen eradication, whereas amoxicillin + clavulanate and azithromycin exhibited relatively lower ranking with respect to adverse effects and diarrhoea. Gemifloxacin and levofloxacin are more preferable than others for lowering respiratory tract inflammation and infections considering their balanced performance between pathogen eradication and adverse effects. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 3171-3183, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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High levels of inherent variability in microbiological assessment of bronchoalveolar lavage samples from children with persistent bacterial bronchitis and healthy controls

Craven

Hausdorff

Everard

2020

Pediatric Pulmonology

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Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) is widely regarded as providing "gold standard" samples for infective lower respiratory tract disease. Current approaches have been adopted empirically without robust assessment and hence carry many assumptions that have not been tested. Many of these uncertainties were highlighted in the ATS pediatric bronchoscopy guidelines. This study was designed to explore some of these issues. BAL was undertaken via an endotracheal tube in 13 subjects aged less than 6 years with persistent bacterial bronchitis and five healthy controls. Aliquots of the same pooled BAL sample were sent to two accredited laboratories. one producing semiquantitative results and the other quantitative results. For five patients potentially pathogenic bacteria were grown by one laboratory but not the other, while in three more there were discrepancies in the organisms reported. Despite being symptomatic and off antibiotics, only 3 of 13 patients were reported to have a pathogen at a density of more than 1 × 10 4 colony forming unit. There was at best a poor correlation between semiquantitative and quantitative data. Potential pathogens were cultured in two of five control samples. The results suggest that the results from conventional microbiological assessment of BAL samples can be highly variable and that the proposal that a discrete cutoff is of value in patients with chronic endobronchial infection is probably invalid.

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Protracted bacterial bronchitis: reinventing an old disease

Cited by 74 publications

References 38 publications

Protrahert bakteriell bronkitt hos barn

Protrahert bakteriell bronkitt hos barn

Comparison of Pathogen Eradication Rate and Safety of Anti‐Bacterial Agents for Bronchitis: A Network Meta‐Analysis

High levels of inherent variability in microbiological assessment of bronchoalveolar lavage samples from children with persistent bacterial bronchitis and healthy controls

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