Protracted benefit from paradoxical kinesia in typical and atypical parkinsonisms

Bonanni, Laura; Thomas, Astrid; Anzellotti, Francesca; Monaco, Daniela; Ciccocioppo, Fausta; Varanese, Sara; Bifolchetti, Stefania; D’Amico, Maria Chiara; Iorio, Angelo Di; Onofrj, Marco

doi:10.1007/s10072-010-0403-5

Cited by 23 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Interestingly, the mechanism that we hypothesize is responsible for our findings, the release of dopamine and/or norepinephrine due to challenging, exogenous stimuli, is a similar mechanism to that postulated to underlie kinesia paradoxica in PD [ 40 , 41 ]. Kinesia paradoxica is the phenomenon in which motor performance is facilitated by a threatening event, such as moving to avoid an approaching object.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Unexpected Dual Task Benefits on Cycling in Parkinson Disease and Healthy Adults: A Neuro-Behavioral Model

et al. 2015

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BackgroundWhen performing two tasks at once, a dual task, performance on one or both tasks typically suffers. People with Parkinson’s disease (PD) usually experience larger dual task decrements on motor tasks than healthy older adults (HOA). Our objective was to investigate the decrements in cycling caused by performing cognitive tasks with a range of difficulty in people with PD and HOAs.MethodsTwenty-eight participants with Parkinson’s disease and 20 healthy older adults completed a baseline cycling task with no secondary tasks and then completed dual task cycling while performing 12 tasks from six cognitive domains representing a wide range of difficulty.ResultsCycling was faster during dual task conditions than at baseline, and was significantly faster for six tasks (all p<.02) across both groups. Cycling speed improved the most during the easiest cognitive tasks, and cognitive performance was largely unaffected. Cycling improvement was predicted by task difficulty (p<.001). People with Parkinson’s disease cycled slower (p<.03) and showed reduced dual task benefits (p<.01) than healthy older adults.ConclusionsUnexpectedly, participants’ motor performance improved during cognitive dual tasks, which cannot be explained in current models of dual task performance. To account for these findings, we propose a model integrating dual task and acute exercise approaches which posits that cognitive arousal during dual tasks increases resources to facilitate motor and cognitive performance, which is subsequently modulated by motor and cognitive task difficulty. This model can explain both the improvement observed on dual tasks in the current study and more typical dual task findings in other studies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Unexpected Dual Task Benefits on Cycling in Parkinson Disease and Healthy Adults: A Neuro-Behavioral Model

et al. 2015

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“…Since the activity of the BG output structures inhibits their target structures, and a lack of dopamine increases the BG output activity, extremely low dopamine levels can result in complete inhibition and therefore total blockage of activity, i.e., akinesia. In these cases an extraordinary high Q-value may momentarily overcome the inhibition and cause paradoxical kinesia (Keefe et al, 1989; Schlesinger et al, 2007; Bonanni et al, 2010). …”

Section: Modeling Dopamine Related Movement Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dopaminergic Balance between Reward Maximization and Policy Complexity

Parush¹,

Tishby²,

Bergman³

2011

Front. Syst. Neurosci.

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Previous reinforcement-learning models of the basal ganglia network have highlighted the role of dopamine in encoding the mismatch between prediction and reality. Far less attention has been paid to the computational goals and algorithms of the main-axis (actor). Here, we construct a top-down model of the basal ganglia with emphasis on the role of dopamine as both a reinforcement learning signal and as a pseudo-temperature signal controlling the general level of basal ganglia excitability and motor vigilance of the acting agent. We argue that the basal ganglia endow the thalamic-cortical networks with the optimal dynamic tradeoff between two constraints: minimizing the policy complexity (cost) and maximizing the expected future reward (gain). We show that this multi-dimensional optimization processes results in an experience-modulated version of the softmax behavioral policy. Thus, as in classical softmax behavioral policies, probability of actions are selected according to their estimated values and the pseudo-temperature, but in addition also vary according to the frequency of previous choices of these actions. We conclude that the computational goal of the basal ganglia is not to maximize cumulative (positive and negative) reward. Rather, the basal ganglia aim at optimization of independent gain and cost functions. Unlike previously suggested single-variable maximization processes, this multi-dimensional optimization process leads naturally to a softmax-like behavioral policy. We suggest that beyond its role in the modulation of the efficacy of the cortico-striatal synapses, dopamine directly affects striatal excitability and thus provides a pseudo-temperature signal that modulates the tradeoff between gain and cost. The resulting experience and dopamine modulated softmax policy can then serve as a theoretical framework to account for the broad range of behaviors and clinical states governed by the basal ganglia and dopamine systems.

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“…This disease is dominated by dopaminergic denervation of the basal ganglia and, as a consequence, patients make slow and small voluntary movements. Paradoxical kinesis describes the remarkable normalisation of motor activity in PD patients that may follow intense stimuli as diverse as the sound of a car accident (Daroff, 2008), the sensation of an earthquake (Bonanni et al. , 2010a) or the sight of a fire or bolting horse (Glickstein & Stein, 1991).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improvements in rate of development and magnitude of force with intense auditory stimuli in patients with Parkinson’s disease

Anzak

Tan

Pogosyan

et al. 2011

European Journal of Neuroscience

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Patients with Parkinson's disease can show brief but dramatic normalization of motor activity in highly arousing situations, a phenomenon often termed paradoxical kinesis. We sought to mimic this in a controlled experimental environment. Nine patients with Parkinson's disease and nine age-matched healthy controls were asked to grip a force dynamometer as quickly and strongly as possible in response to a visual cue. A loud (96 dB) auditory stimulus was delivered at the same time as the visual cue in ~50% of randomly selected trials. In patients with Parkinson's disease, the experiment was conducted after overnight withdrawal of antiparkinsonian drugs and again 1 h after patients had taken their usual morning medication. Patients showed improvements in the peak rate of force development and the magnitude of force developed when loud auditory stimuli accompanied visual cues. Equally, they showed improvements in the times taken to reach the peak rate of force development and their maximal force. The paradoxical facilitatory effect of sound was similar whether patients were off or on their usual antiparkinsonian medication, and could be reproduced in age-matched healthy controls. We conclude that motor improvement induced by loud auditory stimuli in Parkinson's disease is related to a physiological phenomenon which survives both with and after withdrawal of antiparkinsonian medication. The potential independence of the mediating pathways from the dopaminergic system provides impetus for further investigation as it may yield a novel nondopaminergic target for therapeutic manipulation in Parkinson's disease.

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Protracted benefit from paradoxical kinesia in typical and atypical parkinsonisms

Cited by 23 publications

References 17 publications

Unexpected Dual Task Benefits on Cycling in Parkinson Disease and Healthy Adults: A Neuro-Behavioral Model

Unexpected Dual Task Benefits on Cycling in Parkinson Disease and Healthy Adults: A Neuro-Behavioral Model

Dopaminergic Balance between Reward Maximization and Policy Complexity

Improvements in rate of development and magnitude of force with intense auditory stimuli in patients with Parkinson’s disease

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