Provenance and paleoenvironmental significance of sediments in the Beipo seamount of the northern South China Sea during the last deglaciation

Abstract

The sedimentary processes of seamount regions are closely related to climate change and ocean evolution. The clay minerals, grain size and 14C ages of core SCS18-1, which was collected from the Beipo seamount in the northern South China Sea (SCS) were analyzed to discuss the provenance and paleoenvironmental conditions during the last deglaciation. The sediments of core SCS18-1 are dominated by clayey silt, which is mainly composed of illite (55.2~62.1%) and chlorite (17.1~22.5%), with subordinate kaolinite (9.5~12.6%) and smectite (7.3~15.1%). The illite chemical index and illite crystallinity indicate strong physical weathering conditions. The results of the end-member modeling algorithm (EMMA) suggest that the sediments of core SCS18-1 consist of three end-members containing EM1 (0.98 μm), EM2 (9.29 μm) and EM3 (44.19 μm), with average contents of 3%, 66% and 31%, respectively. The finest endmember represents fluvial mud, the middle and coarsest endmembers are considered fluvial fine silt and eolian dust, respectively. The mean grain size is mainly controlled by the coarser fraction EM3. Based on the clay minerals, grain size and SEM analysis, we can conclude that since the onset of the last deglaciation (16.1 ka BP), the sediments of core SCS18-1 mainly originate from fluvial input, and eolian material also contributed to the sediments. The clay mineral assemblages of core SCS18-1 are stable and originate mainly from Taiwan. Additionally, the Pearl River appears to be a secondary contributor of clay minerals. Further, the Luzon Islands only account for a small proportion. Major kaolinite and moderate illite and chlorite are thought to originate from the Pearl River, predominant illite and chlorite from Taiwan, and principal smectite from the Luzon Islands. Both the relative content of EM1+ EM2 and the illite chemical index effectively represent the variation of East Asia summer monsoon (EASM) strength. Meanwhile, the relative content of EM3 effectively represents the East Asian winter monsoon (EAWM) change. The material supply of core SCS18-1 is mainly controlled by solar radiation in the Northern Hemisphere.

Holocene sediment source analysis and paleoclimatic significance of core KZK01 from the eastern part of the Beibu Gulf

“…To date, analyses of clay minerals and elemental geochemistry have been successfully used to trace the origins of sediments derived from terrestrial sources (Wan et al, 2007;Jiang et al, 2016;Liu et al, 2016). Although sedimentological studies have been carried out in the Beibu Gulf in recent years (Jin et al, 2019;Tian et al, 2023), most of these studies have focused on the surface sediment sources (Dou et al, 2012;Cui et al, 2015;Jin et al, 2019), sediment transport and depositional patterns (Chen and Shi, 2019), and effects of human activities on the depositional environment (Chen et al, 2021). The impacts on the material source variability since the Holocene have not been sufficiently investigated.…”