Provenance of Corexit-related chemical constituents found in nearshore and inland Gulf Coast waters

Hayworth, Joel S.; Clement, T. Prabhakar

doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2012.06.031

Cited by 32 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The sheer scale of this disaster is marked by its long duration (lasting for ~3 months), the gigantic volume of crude oil (210 million gallons) spilled and dispersants (1.8 million gallons) applied and the large number of workers (>50,000) involved in the cleaning operation (Hayworth and Clement 2012; Kujawinski et al 2011). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carcinogenic effects of oil dispersants: A KEGG pathway-based RNA-seq study of human airway epithelial cells

Liu

Zhang

Roy-Engel

et al. 2017

Gene

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The health impacts of the BP oil spill are yet to be further revealed as the toxicological effects of oil products and dispersants on human respiratory system may be latent and complex, and hence difficult to study and follow up. Here we performed RNA-seq analyses of a system of human airway epithelial cells treated with the BP crude oil and/or dispersants Corexit 9500 and Corexit 9527 that were used to help break up the oil spill. Based on the RNA-seq data, we then systemically analyzed the transcriptomic perturbations of the cells at the KEGG pathway level using two pathway-based analysis tools, GAGE (generally applicable gene set enrichment) and GSNCA (Gene Sets Net Correlations Analysis). Our results suggested a pattern of change towards carcinogenesis for the treated cells marked by upregulation of ribosomal biosynthesis (hsa03008) (p = 1.97e-13), protein processing (hsa04141) (p = 4.09e-7), Wnt signaling (hsa04310) (p = 6.76e-3), neurotrophin signaling (hsa04722) (p = 7.73e-3) and insulin signaling (hsa04910) (p = 1.16e-2) pathways under the dispersant Corexit 9527 treatment, as identified by GAGE analysis. Furthermore, through GSNCA analysis, we identified gene co-expression changes for several KEGG cancer pathways, including small cell lung cancer pathway (hsa05222, p = 9.99e-5), under various treatments of oil/dispersant, especially the mixture of oil and Corexit 9527. Overall, our results suggested carcinogenic effects of dispersants (in particular Corexit 9527) and their mixtures with the BP crude oil, and provided further support for more stringent safety precautions and regulations for operations involving long-term respiratory exposure to oil and dispersants.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carcinogenic effects of oil dispersants: A KEGG pathway-based RNA-seq study of human airway epithelial cells

Liu

Zhang

Roy-Engel

et al. 2017

Gene

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“…Since 2010, multiple analytical methods that have been developed in order to detect levels of Corexit oil dispersants in Gulf of Mexico seawater, although these studies mainly focused on DOSS as the indicator for the presence of Corexit 9500 and 9527. (Hayworth and Clement, 2012; Kujawinski et al, 2011; Mathew et al, 2012; Ramirez et al, 2013) To the best of our knowledge, analytical methods for nonionic surfactants, including Tween 80 and Tween 85,(Crescenzi et al, 1995; Petrovic and Barceló, 2001; Petrovic et al, 2002) have not been developed for seawater analysis. To fully characterize the complex mixture of the dispersant formulations, analytical methods are needed for detecting all the dispersant constituents which exhibit varying chemical properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trace analysis of surfactants in Corexit oil dispersant formulations and seawater

Place

Perkins

Sinclair

et al. 2016

Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography

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After the April 2010 explosion on the Deepwater Horizon oil rig, and subsequent release of millions of barrels of oil, two Corexit oil dispersant formulations were used in unprecedented quantities both on the surface and sub-surface of the Gulf of Mexico. Although the dispersant formulations contain four classes of surfactants, current studies to date focus on the anionic surfactant, bis-(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate (DOSS). Factors affecting the integrity of environmental and laboratory samples for Corexit analysis have not been systematically investigated. For this reason, a quantitative analytical method was developed for the detection of all four classes of surfactants, as well as the hydrolysis products of DOSS, the enantiomeric mixture of α- and β-ethylhexyl sulfosuccinate (α-/β-EHSS). The analytical method was then used to evaluate which practices for sample collection, storage, and analysis resulted in high quality data. Large volume, direct injection of seawater followed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) minimized analytical artifacts, analysis time, and both chemical and solid waste. Concentrations of DOSS in the seawater samples ranged from 71 – 13,000 ng/L, while the nonionic surfactants including Span 80, Tween 80, Tween 85 were detected infrequently (26% of samples) at concentrations from 840 – 9100 ng/L. The enantiomers α-/β-EHSS were detected in seawater, at concentrations from 200 – 1,900 ng/L, and in both Corexit dispersant formulations, indicating α-/β-EHSS were applied to the oil spill and may be not unambiguous indicator of DOSS degradation. Best practices are provided to ensure sample integrity and data quality for environmental monitoring studies and laboratory that require the detection and quantification of Corexit-based surfactants in seawater.

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“…During the event that lasted for almost three months, a huge amount of oil spilled from the sea bed and over 1.8 million gallons of dispersants (mainly Corexit 9500 and Corexit 9527) was applied (Hayworth and Clement 2012; Kujawinski et al 2011). More than 50,000 workers were involved in the oil clean-up process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of oil spill to lung health—Insights from an RNA-seq study of human airway epithelial cells

Liu

Roy-Engel

Baddoo

et al. 2016

Gene

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The Deepwater Horizon oil spill (BP oil spill) in the Gulf of Mexico was a unique disaster event, where a huge amount of oil spilled from the sea bed and a large volume of dispersants were applied to clean the spill. The operation lasted for almost three months and involved >50,000 workers. The potential health hazards to these workers may be significant as previous research suggested an association of persistent respiratory symptoms with exposure to oil and oil dispersants. To reveal the potential effects of oil and oil dispersants on the respiratory system at the molecular level, we evaluated the transcriptomic profile of human airway epithelial cells grown under treatment of crude oil, the dispersants Corexit 9500 and Corexit 9527 and oil-dispersant mixtures. We identified a very strong effect of Corexit 9500 treatment, with 84 genes (response genes) differentially expressed in treatment vs. control samples. We discovered an interactive effect of oil-dispersant mixtures; while no response gene was found for Corexit 9527 treatment alone, cells treated with Corexit 9527 + oil mixture showed an increased number of response genes (46 response genes), suggesting a synergic effect of 9527 with oil on airway epithelial cells. Through GO (gene ontology) functional term and pathway-based analysis, we identified upregulation of gene sets involved in angiogenesis and immune responses and downregulation of § Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. HHS Public Access Author Manuscript Author ManuscriptAuthor ManuscriptAuthor Manuscript gene sets involved in cell junctions and steroid synthesis as the prevailing transcriptomic signatures in the cells treated with Corexit 9500, oil or Corexit 9500 + oil mixture. Interestingly, these key molecular signatures coincide with important pathological features observed in common lung diseases, such as asthma, cystic fibrosis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Our study provides mechanistic insights into the detrimental effects of oil and oil dispersants to the respiratory system and suggests significant health impacts of the recent BP oil spill to those people involved in the cleaning operation.

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Provenance of Corexit-related chemical constituents found in nearshore and inland Gulf Coast waters

Cited by 32 publications

References 18 publications

Carcinogenic effects of oil dispersants: A KEGG pathway-based RNA-seq study of human airway epithelial cells

Carcinogenic effects of oil dispersants: A KEGG pathway-based RNA-seq study of human airway epithelial cells

Trace analysis of surfactants in Corexit oil dispersant formulations and seawater

The impact of oil spill to lung health—Insights from an RNA-seq study of human airway epithelial cells

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