Provider Perceptions and Domestic Violence (DV) Survivor Experiences of Traumatic and Anoxic-Hypoxic Brain Injury: Implications for DV Advocacy Service Provision

Nemeth, Julianna M.; Mengo, Cecilia; Kulow, Emily; Brown, Alexandra; Ramirez, Rachel

doi:10.1080/10926771.2019.1591562

Cited by 34 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…This is supported by another study that found the majority (84%) of support service providers reported no previous TBI training or education. 11 Similar results were also found by Nemeth et al 24 A scoping review 11 also found that a number of authors have emphasized the need for increase training for staff at women's shelters with regard to the identification of TBIs and its effects 9 , 25–31 ; however, the lack of knowledge staff feel regarding screening for TBIs could also result from the misperception of what TBI screening involves.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Using Behavior Change Theory to Understand How to Support Screening for Traumatic Brain Injuries Among Women Who Have Experienced Intimate Partner Violence

Nicol

Donkelaar

Mason³

et al. 2021

Women's Health Reports

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Background: Women who experience intimate partner violence (IPV) are at a high risk for traumatic brain injuries (TBIs). Women's shelters may be an ideal location for TBI screening. Behavior change theory can help understand factors that influence screening at women's shelters and develop interventions to promote screening. Objective: To use behavior change theory to understand the local context of women's shelters, factors influencing screening for TBIs among staff who work at women's shelters, and co-develop intervention recommendations to promote screening of TBIs at women's shelters. Methods: The research was conducted in three phases in partnership with the Kelowna Women's Shelter. In phase 1, participants (staff at women's shelters across Canada) completed an online survey that assessed their current TBI screening behaviors, knowledge of TBIs, and factors influencing screening. In phase 2, participants (staff at women's shelters in the Okanagan) completed an interview regarding the factors that influence screening for TBIs. In both phases, factors were analyzed using the Theoretical Domains Framework. In phase 3, intervention recommendations were co-developed using the Behavior Change Wheel. Results: In phase 1, findings indicate that participants ( n = 150) lack skills (mean = 2.1, standard deviation [SD] = 1.9) and knowledge (mean = 2.9, SD = 2.2) with regard to screening and are nervous to screen (mean = 3.0, SD = 2.4) for TBIs. In phase 2, 194 barriers to screening for TBI were extracted from 10 interviews with staff members. Prominent domains included knowledge (37%), beliefs about capabilities (16%), and environmental context and resources (15%). Finally, in phase 3, five intervention recommendations were co-developed for interventions aiming to promote TBI screening in women's shelters. Conclusions: This thesis was the first theory-based study to develop intervention recommendations for promoting screening of TBIs at women's shelters. The recommendations have the potential to increase TBI screening at women's shelters ultimately improving the quality of life of women who have experienced a TBI from IPV.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Using Behavior Change Theory to Understand How to Support Screening for Traumatic Brain Injuries Among Women Who Have Experienced Intimate Partner Violence

Nicol

Donkelaar

Mason³

et al. 2021

Women's Health Reports

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show abstract

“…We used the HELP screen tool after modifications. Given that IPV survivors experience strangulation (Nemeth et al, 2019; E. M. Valera et al, 2019) in addition to being hit in the head, neck, or face, we gathered data on their experience with strangulation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intimate Partner Violence and Brain Injury Screening

Rajaram

Reisher

Garlinghouse

et al. 2020

Violence Against Women

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The study examined rates of possible brain injury among survivors of intimate partner violence. Of the 171 women screened, 91% indicated they had been hit in the head or strangled, and 31% reported it happened more than six times in their life. Only 35% of women who were hit in the head or strangled received medical treatment, and 64% reported losing consciousness or experienced a period of being dazed and confused. Organizations serving intimate partner violence survivors should routinely screen survivors for brain injury so they can obtain timely referrals for neurorehabilitation services to improve their quality of life.

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“…Studies continue to report strong relation between brain injury and family violence (also commonly referred to as domestic violence DV, intimate partner violence IPV), as well as persistent and significant gaps, miss-recognition, and under-recognised forms of violence-related brain injury in service responses (Brain Injury Australia, 2018 ; Lifshitz et al, 2019 ; Nemeth et al, 2019 ). These “unseen” and “invisible” impacts on victim-survivors” neurological and cognitive systems not only make women more likely to experience greater rates and additional forms of gender-based violence (Maher et al, 2018 ; see Nemeth et al, 2019 for long-lasting unrecognised impacts, Iverson et al, 2019 , p. 19 for “silent injury”; see also Lifshitz et al, 2019 for under-recognition and under-representation of TBI for IPV and DV victims compared to brain injury and concussions on athletes and military servicemen), but also harder to successfully escape long-term abusive relationships due to the impact of traumatic brain injury (Donkelaar, 2018 ).…”

Section: Review Of Studies and Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Family violence, especially physical abuse, often results in a myriad of negative physical health issues, including those that affect brain function (Nemeth et al, 2019 , p. 745). Although there is little direct evidence for the potential link between IPV and TBI-induced brain dysfunction (Smirl et al, 2019 ), an increasing amount of research identifies association between family violence victimisation and brain injury, thus supporting long-standing knowledge within advocacy community that bruising to the face and neck, along with suffocation (Monaghan, 2018 ; Taliaferro et al, 2001 ) are all common occurrences for DV survivors (Nemeth et al, 2019 ).…”

Section: Review Of Studies and Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Intersectionality and compounding impacts of family violence and IPV incidences interact and produce health inequalities (Bowleg, 2012 ; St Ivany et al, 2018 ), with repeated cycles of abuse as a significant qualitative finding when instability and structural violence is taken into account as a result of childhood trauma and historical state intervention/control (St. Ivany & Schminkey, 2019 ). However, research does not include the study of survivors who have not accessed services but are living with mild but recurrent brain injury with a frequency and intensity that may never be captured, and likely exceed reports for soldiers and athletes (Lifshitz et al, 2019 ; Nemeth et al, 2019 ; Prince & Bruhns, 2017 ). Further studies also stress that limitation in adult studies on lifetime trauma neglect assessment and consideration of impacts from childhood trauma (Smirl et al, 2019 ).…”

Section: Review Of Studies and Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

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Strengthening the Connection Between Acquired Brain Injury (ABI) and Family Violence: The Importance of Ongoing Monitoring, Research and Inclusive Terminology

et al. 2021

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Family violence (FV) harms communities worldwide so FV prevention strategies and effective responses are urgently needed. This article reports on FV apparent in a study which explored the experiences of people with both ABI and justice system encounters in Victoria, Australia. One hundred interviews and one focus group consulted people with ABI, their families and carers, and various stakeholder groups in the Victorian justice system in Australia. Qualitative content analysis determined dominant themes and sub-themes and the less common themes. Inductive interpretive content analysis identified themes commonly found in previous published research and themes that appeared unique to, or unanticipated in, our data, such as the FV theme upon which this article focuses. Our findings reveal that FV has adversely affected many people with ABI who came into contact with Victoria’s justice system. Further, as ABI and FV often co-occur with substance abuse, mental health problems, socio-economic and many other significant disadvantages, for some FV perpetrators with an ABI, their ABI symptoms and characteristic co-morbidities may be a mitigating factor in their offending. The connection between ABI and family violence emerged as a troubling research theme. Indeed, the impact of FV on too many of our participants with an ABI compels us to call for further related research and secondary prevention programs targeted at FV victims, and offenders, living with ABI. An intersectional understanding of family violence and TBI/ABI in social ecological contexts is required to better understand brain injury at both individual and population levels.

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Provider Perceptions and Domestic Violence (DV) Survivor Experiences of Traumatic and Anoxic-Hypoxic Brain Injury: Implications for DV Advocacy Service Provision

Cited by 34 publications

References 13 publications

Using Behavior Change Theory to Understand How to Support Screening for Traumatic Brain Injuries Among Women Who Have Experienced Intimate Partner Violence

Using Behavior Change Theory to Understand How to Support Screening for Traumatic Brain Injuries Among Women Who Have Experienced Intimate Partner Violence

Intimate Partner Violence and Brain Injury Screening

Strengthening the Connection Between Acquired Brain Injury (ABI) and Family Violence: The Importance of Ongoing Monitoring, Research and Inclusive Terminology

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