Provincia Arabia: Nabataea, the Emergence of Arabic as a Written Language, and Graeco-Arabica

Fiema, Z. T.; Al‐Jallad, Ahmad; Macdonald, Michael C. A.; Nehmé, Laïla

doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199654529.003.0008

Cited by 19 publications

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“… photographs are cropped from Macdonald's photograph in Fisher, ; for the most recent treatment of this text, see Macdonald's contribution in Fiema et al., : 412–413. …”

Section: Reading and Palaeographic Discussion (Figs And )mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Robin's photograph in Fisher, : 292; Zebed Inscription re‐traced from Gorea's tracing in Robin, . For the most recent treatment of both texts, see Macdonald's contribution in Fiema et al., : 410–411, 414–415.…”

Section: Reading and Palaeographic Discussion (Figs And )mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The term mlk here clearly refers to the leader of the Ghassanids, and is possibly a recognition of the title of phylarch given to him by emperor Justinian (Macdonald in Fiema et al. : 412), but cannot signify an absolute monarch, as the term comes to mean in Classical Arabic usage.…”

Section: Yazīd‐w the Mlkmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… The first word is broken, with only a final r readable. Macdonald restores the first word as [ḏ]{k}r (Macdonald in Fiema et al., : 410). This reading is now supported by the present inscription and in Nehmé, forthcoming, b. …”

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confidence: 99%

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An early Christian Arabic graffito mentioning ‘Yazīd the king’

al-Shdaifat

Al‐Jallad

al-Salameen

et al. 2017

Arab Archaeol Epigr

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This article is an edition and commentary on an early Christian Arabic inscription discovered near Qaṣr Burquʿ in northeastern Jordan. The text mentions a certain yzydw ʾl-mlk 'Yazid the king' and could date to the sixth or seventh century. We discuss the text's palaeography, its relevance for the history of the Arabic script, and attempt to identify the historical figure to which it refers. K E Y W O R D SArabic palaeography, Christian Arabic, graffiti, pre-Islamic Arabic, Umayyad | INTRODUCTIONThe rock inscription discussed here was discovered during the first season of the El-Khḍer ı archaeological and epigraphic survey project in north-eastern Jordan. The inscription comes from as-Samr un ıyy at (site number S5), located 12 km south-west of Qaṣr Burquʿ, and was the only text found at the site. In terms of archaeological remains, the site contains a tailed tower tomb on its southern slope and a number of stone-circle structures scattered on its northern side. These ancient structures have been reused in recent times as seasonal camps by nomadic pastoralists. The inscription consists of a four-word early Arabic graffito, perhaps from the sixth or seventh century, accompanied by a cross. The text contains several unique palaeographic features and a reference to a certain yzydw ʾl-mlk or 'Yaz ıd the king'. The present article will provide a reading and interpretation of the inscription, a discussion of its palaeographic and linguistic features, and an attempt to identify the historical figure mentioned in the inscription. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

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“… photographs are cropped from Macdonald's photograph in Fisher, ; for the most recent treatment of this text, see Macdonald's contribution in Fiema et al., : 412–413. …”

Section: Reading and Palaeographic Discussion (Figs And )mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Reading and Palaeographic Discussion (Figs And )mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Yazīd‐w the Mlkmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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An early Christian Arabic graffito mentioning ‘Yazīd the king’

al-Shdaifat

Al‐Jallad

al-Salameen

et al. 2017

Arab Archaeol Epigr

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“…Ancient North Arabian scripts such as Safaitic and Hismaic are found in large numbers in graffiti throughout Jordan as well as in neighbouring regions although not, apparently, in the Faynān region, but the use of the Arabic script is extremely rare. The way Arabic was vocalised is indicated by the presence of transliterated Arabic words found in Greek inscriptions (Macdonald M.C.A., : 303; 2004: 488–489; 2009: 21–23; 2010: 16–17, 21; Hoyland, : 232–233; : 34; Fiema et al., : 397; Kaplony, : 2–3; al‐Jallad, : 2, 6; forthcoming). There are many Arabic words in the Greek Petra papyri (see for instance al‐Jallad, al‐Ghul, & Daniel, : 23; Kaplony, ) and there is an Arabic inscription on wood from the same context as the Greek archive, which dates to the end of the sixth/beginning of the seventh century AD, which also has diacritic marks, making it the earliest attested Arabic inscription with diacritics (al‐Ghul, ).…”

Section: Papyrological Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fragments of an early Islamic Arabic papyrus from Khirbet Hamrā Ifdān

Friedman

Vorderstrasse

Mairs

et al. 2017

Arab Archaeol Epigr

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Excavations in 2013 at the site of Khirbet Hamr a Ifd an in the Fayn an revealed several pieces of an Arabic papyrus, the first ever found in Jordan. Although the papyrus is poorly preserved, a detailed analysis of the fragments based on parallels have suggested that it dates to the late seventh/early-mid-eighth century AD.This article discusses the papyrus fragments and places them within their papyrological and archaeological contexts.

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A Companion to the Hellenistic and Roman Near East

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Provincia Arabia: Nabataea, the Emergence of Arabic as a Written Language, and Graeco-Arabica

Cited by 19 publications

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An early Christian Arabic graffito mentioning ‘Yazīd the king’

An early Christian Arabic graffito mentioning ‘Yazīd the king’

Fragments of an early Islamic Arabic papyrus from Khirbet Hamrā Ifdān

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