Provincial-level cancer burden attributable to active and second-hand smoking in China

Xia, Changfa; Zheng, Rongshou; Zeng, Hongmei; Zhou, Maigeng; Wang, Lijun; Zhang, Siwei; Zou, Xin; Sun, Kexin; Yang, Zhixun; Li, He; Parascandola, Mark; Islami, Farhad; Chen, Wanqing

doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2018-054583

Cited by 40 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Our province-specific PAF estimates were comparable with those from the limited evidence available from previous studies in China based on similar methodology. In our study, estimates of provincial PAFs for smoking and cancer deaths in men were higher than the corresponding figures of a previous study 32 . This discrepancy can be primarily explained by different sources of smoking prevalence.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 92%

“…This discrepancy can be primarily explained by different sources of smoking prevalence. Our study used the smoking prevalence in 1998 as the exposure rate, which was higher than the figures of 2002 used in the Xia et al 32 study, based on a different assumption of the latency time. Although the smoking definitions were similar in both studies, there were some differences in how PAF values were estimated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Although the smoking definitions were similar in both studies, there were some differences in how PAF values were estimated. For smoking-related cancers, we included 10 cancer sites in our study versus 5 major cancer sites together with other minor sites in the Xia et al 32 study. In addition, the estimates of smoking attributable cancer mortality could be affected by the time fluctuation of cancer registered data and different sources of RRs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Province-specific smoking-attributable cancer mortality in China 2013

Yu¹,

Cheng²,

Cui³

et al. 2020

Tob. Induc. Dis.

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INTRODUCTION Province-specific initiatives are at the forefront of tobacco control but limited studies have provided province-specific assessment of smoking-attributable cancer burden in China. METHODS We estimated the fraction of total and site-specific cancer mortality attributable to tobacco smoking in 31 provinces in mainland China. The population attributable fractions (PAFs) for cancer deaths due to smoking were calculated by Levin's formula using province-specific smoking prevalence data around 1998 (assuming a 15-year latency time) and relative risks from cohort studies and meta-analyses. The 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of PAFs were calculated by a Delta method. Cancer deaths were abstracted from cancer registry data of the 31 provinces in mainland China in 2013. RESULTS Overall, smoking contributed to a total of 421566 cancer deaths in mainland China in 2013 (19.46% of all cancer deaths), with 400701 of these deaths occurring in men (29.34%) and 20865 (2.61%) in women. The population attributable fractions ranged from 15.56% (95% CI: 9.12-21.82%) in Tibet to 35.09% (95% CI: 25.68-45.83%) in Guizhou among men, and from 0.28% (95% CI: 0.00-0.64%) in Hainan to 10.44% (95% CI: 4.86-16.32%) in Jilin among women. Cancers of lung and liver were the two main smoking-attributable cancers for both men and women. CONCLUSIONS Tobacco smoking was responsible for nearly 20% of all cancer deaths in mainland China, but the proportion of cancer deaths attributable to smoking varied substantially across provinces. More effective programs and innovative new strategies for local tobacco control are warranted to reduce the future burden of smoking-related cancers in all provinces of mainland China.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Province-specific smoking-attributable cancer mortality in China 2013

Yu¹,

Cheng²,

Cui³

et al. 2020

Tob. Induc. Dis.

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“…According to the 2015 China Adult Tobacco Survey, there are 316 million smokers in China, with a smoking rate of 27.7% for adults (52.1% for men and 2.7% for women). As estimated, the population attributable fraction of smoking and lung cancer death was 44.7% for men and 6.4% for women in 2014 6 . Studies showed that at least 20 pack-years of cigarette smoking is associated with around 2-fold increased risk of COPD 7 , and has a remarkable combined effect with hypertension on the risk of CVD-related mortality 8 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Computed Tomography Screening for Early Lung Cancer, COPD and Cardiovascular Disease in Shanghai: Rationale and Design of a Population-based Comparative Study

Sidorenkov

et al. 2021

Academic Radiology

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Rationale and Objectives: To describe the rational and design of a population-based comparative study. The objective of the study is to assess the screening performance of volume-based management of CT-detected lung nodule in comparison to diameter-based management, and to improve the effectiveness of CT screening for COPD and CVD, in addition to lung cancer, based on quantitative measurement of CT imaging biomarkers in a Chinese screening setting. Materials and Methods: A population-based comparative study is being performed, including 10,000 asymptomatic participants between 40 and 74 years old from Shanghai urban population. Participants in the intervention group undergo a low-dose chest and cardiac CT scan at baseline and one year later, and are managed according to NELCIN-B3 protocol. Participants in the control group undergo a low-dose chest CT scan according to the routine CT protocol and are managed according to the clinical practice. Epidemiological data are collected through questionnaires. In the fourth year from baseline, the diagnosis of the three diseases will be collected. Results: The unnecessary referral rate will be compared between NELCIN-B3 and standard protocol for managing early-detected lung nodules. The effectiveness of quantitative measurement of CT imaging biomarkers for early detection of lung cancer, COPD and CVD will be evaluated. Conclusion: We expect that the quantitative assessment of the CT imaging biomarkers will reduce the number of unnecessary referrals for early detected lung nodules, and will improve the early detection of COPD and CVD in a Chinese urban population.

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“…GDP is the gross domestic product per capita of city i. Smoking prevalence and second-hand smoking prevalence in non-smokers were obtained from the Chinese National Nutrition and Health Survey (NNHS) 14,15 . The proportion of residents older than 65, population and population density of city i were extracted from census data.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk of COVID-19 and long-term exposure to air pollution: evidence from the first wave in China

Tian

Liu

Song

et al. 2020

Preprint

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High risk of severe disease of COVID-19 has been associated with patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cardiovascular disease or hypertension, and long-term exposure to PM2.5 has been associated with COVID-19 mortality. We collate individual level data of confirmed COVID-19 cases during the first wave of the epidemic in mainland China by March 6, 2020. We pair these data with a mobile phone dataset, covering human movements from Wuhan before the travel ban and inner-city movements during the time of emergency response from 324 cities in China. Adjusting for socio-economic factors, an increase of 10 μg/m3 in NO2 or PM2.5 was found to be associated with a 22.41% (95%CI: 7.28%-39.89%) or 15.35% (95%CI: 5.60%-25.98%) increase in the number of COVID-19 cases, and a 19.20% (95%CI: 4.03%-36.59%) or 9.61% (95%CI: 0.12%-20.01%) increase in severe infection, respectively. Our results highlight the importance of air quality improvements to health benefits.

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Provincial-level cancer burden attributable to active and second-hand smoking in China

Cited by 40 publications

References 34 publications

Province-specific smoking-attributable cancer mortality in China 2013

Province-specific smoking-attributable cancer mortality in China 2013

Computed Tomography Screening for Early Lung Cancer, COPD and Cardiovascular Disease in Shanghai: Rationale and Design of a Population-based Comparative Study

Risk of COVID-19 and long-term exposure to air pollution: evidence from the first wave in China

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