Provision of inertial response as ancillary service from active distribution networks to the transmission system

Nozal, Álvaro Rodríguez del; Kontis, Eleftherios O.; Mauricio, J.; Demoulias, Charis S.

doi:10.1049/iet-gtd.2020.0675

Cited by 13 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…To overcome these issues, coordination schemes are required [5], [8]. These schemes will allow DSOs and/or aggregators to organize portfolios of small-scale DERs in order to participate in the above-mentioned AS markets [34], [42]. For this purpose, DSOs should develop tools that will allow them to optimally coordinate the operation of several DERs in order to ensure specific frequency regulation characteristics at the POI with the TS [1], [42].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Provision of Primary Frequency Response as Ancillary Service From Active Distribution Networks to the Transmission System

Kontis

Nozal

Mauricio

et al. 2021

IEEE Trans. Smart Grid

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This paper deals with the provision of primary frequency response (PFR) as ancillary service (AS) from active distribution networks (ADNs) to the transmission system (TS). In particular, two methodologies are developed. The first one aims to quantify the PFR capability range of the ADN. This range is defined by determining the range of the aggregated, i.e., equivalent, active power -frequency P (f ) droop curves that can be provided at the point of interconnection (POI) with the TS. The second one targets to optimally control P (f ) droop curves of individual distributed energy resources (DERs), installed in the premises of the ADN, to guarantee specific frequency regulation characteristic at the POI. This frequency regulation characteristic is expressed by means of a P (f ) droop curve. Both methods are tested on two discrete distribution systems. Several test cases are examined to demonstrate their implementation. Additionally, comparisons against conventional approaches and time series simulations are conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed methods.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Provision of Primary Frequency Response as Ancillary Service From Active Distribution Networks to the Transmission System

Kontis

Nozal

Mauricio

et al. 2021

IEEE Trans. Smart Grid

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“…At the same time, the fluctuations from the supply side increase [14]. Literature shows that shifting both the generation and the ancillary service provision to distributed renewable energy source (DRES) is a promising solution [2], [3], [4], [15].…”

Section: A Approaches To Frequency Maintenancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two approaches developed in the Easy-Res project achieve provision of inertia and primary frequency reserves from DRES [2], [3]. The papers describe the communication exchange between the transmission system operator (TSO) and one of the distribution system operators (DSOs) for a medium voltage grid connected to this TSO to realize the respective ancillary service.…”

Section: A Approaches To Frequency Maintenancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…One way to reverse this trend is for distributed energy resources (DERs) to become primary providers of both energy and ancillary services. From a power systems standpoint, this may be achieved with smart converters coupled with renewable generation sources [2], [3], an introduction of storage systems, such as community scale batteries or flywheels, or by exploiting demand-side flexibility, e.g., by enabling smart charging strategies for electrical vehicles as suggested in [4]. Integration of renewable energy sources on a large scale has other effects that invalidate assumptions made regarding a top-down power flow.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Tutorial on Resilience in Smart Grids

Stocker

Meer

2022

2022 12th International Workshop on Resilient Networks Design and Modeling (RNDM)

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A key quality of any kind of system is its ability to deliver its respective service correctly. Often the unavailability of commercial systems may lead to lost revenue, which are minor compared to what may be at stake when critical infrastructures fail. A failure to deliver critical services, such as clean water or electricity may have dire consequences that endanger human lives and may even halt or break other infrastructures. The services provided by critical infrastructures need to be supplied continuously even when faced with re-configurations, outside disturbances and systemic changes. A system is called resilient if it fulfils this property. From the many critical infrastructures that exist, power systems may be the most important ones, because they are supplying the required electricity for other critical infrastructures. At the same time, a power system itself may be exposed to several disturbances from internal sources, e.g., fluctuations in the energy demand, and external sources, e.g., heavy storms. Especially, fast dynamic effects caused by these disturbances may lead to deviations of grid frequency, short-circuits, or, in severe cases, a total power system failure. As future scenarios will include more distributed renewable sources and less centralized generation from fossil fuels, ICTbased communication and coordination will play an increasing role. This paper examines the notion of resilience, how it has been traditionally ensured for the power system, and novel approaches to maintain the frequency, protect people and devices against short circuits and recover from a blackout. A special focus is on communication and the role that distributed renewable generation plays for these processes.

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“…Recently, it is difficult for the renewable energy generation to provide enough inertia and damping for the power grid, which weakens the frequency and voltage regulation capability of the power system and poses a severe challenge to the safe and stable operation of the power system [1]. VSG can provide frequency and voltage regulation characteristics similar to those of conventional synchronous generators for renewable power generation, and offer the active support ability to the power system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An adaptive multi‐mode switching control strategy to improve the stability of virtual synchronous generator with wide power grid strengths variation

Liu

Qin

Zhou

et al. 2022

IET Generation Trans & Dist

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With the increasing proportion of renewable power generations in the power system, the power grid impedance may fluctuate greatly, and it is difficult for the virtual synchronous generator (VSG) with a single control structure to meet the stability requirements. Thus, the control principles of the two types of VSGs are compared to conclude that there are similarities in the control structure of the two VSGs. And the small signal models of the two types of VSGs are established to analyze the stability boundaries, coming to the conclusion that the stability region is complementary. Based on the conclusions, the paper puts forward the idea of switching operation modes: switch to the U‐VSG mode when the grid strength weakens and switch to the PQ‐VSG mode when greater, so that the inverter can keep stable in a wider range of grid strength. Therefore, the characterization method of the switching boundary with hysteresis properties is proposed. Then the improved recursive least squares (RLS) algorithm is introduced to identify the power grid impedance online without additional injected disturbance, based on which the adaptive multi‐mode smooth switching control strategy is proposed. Finally, the effectiveness of the analysis and the control strategy are verified by simulations.

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Provision of inertial response as ancillary service from active distribution networks to the transmission system

Cited by 13 publications

References 19 publications

Provision of Primary Frequency Response as Ancillary Service From Active Distribution Networks to the Transmission System

Provision of Primary Frequency Response as Ancillary Service From Active Distribution Networks to the Transmission System

A Tutorial on Resilience in Smart Grids

An adaptive multi‐mode switching control strategy to improve the stability of virtual synchronous generator with wide power grid strengths variation

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