Provision of Parking Lot Pavement for Surface Water Pollution Control Studies

Thompson, Michael K.; James, William

doi:10.14796/jwmm.r183-24

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Other findings have been reported by Thompson and James (1995), Kresin et aI., (1997), James and Thompson, (1997), and James and Verspagen, (1997). Our main purpose here was to investigate the contribution of pervious and impervious pavements themselves to the chemical and physical alteration of urban runoff, by eliminating the effects of the environment and traffic.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 63%

A Laboratory Examination of Pollutants Leached from Four Different Pavements by Acid Rain

James

Shahin

1998

JWMM

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Part of a series of studies on the effects of pervious and impervious pavement on urban runoff, this chapter describes a laboratory investigation of pavement leachate. Previous literature is reviewed and the leaching processes described. To determine the effect of free-draining porous pavement as an alternative to conventional impervious surfaces, independent of traffic and landuse, four types of pavements were installed in the engineering laboratory at the University of Guelph. They were: asphalt, interlocking concrete blocks, and two versions of an infiltrating concrete paving stone. Real (acid) rainwater was collected and used in the laboratory. Runoff volume, pollutant load, and the quantity and quality of pollutants in water percolating through these pavements under different simulated rainfall durations and intensities, were studied. Results are compared to datacollectedfrom four similar test pavements in the university's parking lot. In this present study, the only contaminants ofinterest were phenols, pH, zinc, iron and oils and grease, as most contaminants originated in the ·rainwater. It was found that pH of rain is a significant factor, with asphalt having the least buffering, and that infiltrating pavers reduced both runoff and contaminants most, while asphalt produced most of both.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 63%

A Laboratory Examination of Pollutants Leached from Four Different Pavements by Acid Rain

James

Shahin

1998

JWMM

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“…Short reviews are given by the authors in previous volumes in this series (Xie and James, 1993;Thompson and James, 1994) and elsewhere (James and Verspagen, 1996;Kresin and James, 1996). These focus on roads and parking lots, which make up the largest percentage of man-made impervious surfaces (Hade, 1987).…”

Section: 2 Previous Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contaminants from Four New Pervious and Impervious Pavements in a Parking-lot

James

Thompson

1997

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A previous account (Thompson and James, 1994) described the design, construction and instrumentation of four different pavements-asphalt (AS), concrete brick (CP), and three-inch and four-inch thick concrete paver stones with infiltration cells (E3 and E4)-in both a typical parking-lot and in a laboratory. Sampling of runoff from both sets of four pavements was subsequently carried out, and the analytical results used to estimate the flux of 23 contaminants including heat (Thompson, 1995). This chapter reports the interim conclusions obtained from the parking-lot pavements for the first year after installation. 11.1 Introductory Background Impervious paving such as asphalt, when it replace a previously pervious surface, increases contaminant loads to receiving waters, especially pollutants arising from highway pavement, vehicular traffic, air deposition, surrounding land-uses and heated surfaces. Asphalt paving, concrete curbs and impervious gutters are efficient collectors and conveyors of contaminants and stressors to stormwater systems-they may appeal to some people but are generally bad for aquatic ecosystems. Appropriately-designed permeable concrete block pavers, on the other hand, and other infiltration practices, reduce the quantity of these pollutants that reach receiving waters, by filtering storm water through the upper soil zones.

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“…In their laboratory tests, Shahin (1994), Thompson and James (1995), and James and Verspagen (1997) confirmed low runoff volumes from the upper surface of permeable concrete pavers that were not subjected to wear or pollutant deposition on the PICP surfaces, and therefore performed under optimum conditions. Kresin et al (1997), on the other hand, using the rainfall simulating infiltrometer rig shown in Figure 2, collected data at several existing outdoor Uni-Ecostone permeable concrete paver installations, and tested the hypotheses that infiltration capacities decrease with age and certain land uses; and that infiltration capacities are improved by street sweeping or vacuuming the surface.…”

Section: Background-early Studies At the University Of Guelphmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Excellent work has been done by others on this and related topics, which we do review, however we tend to review much of our own work, since it was generally done earlier. Thompson (1995) and Thompson and James (1995) describe the design, construction and instrumentation of four different pavements-asphalt (AS), concrete brick (CP), and 3 in. (76 mm) and 4 in.…”

Section: Background-early Studies At the University Of Guelphmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards Restoring Infiltration in Permeable Pavers—Initial Demonstration of Rapid Clean-out Concepts

James¹,

Langsdorff²

2016

JWMM

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Where clogging of drainage cells in permeable interlocking concrete pavers (PICPs) is dominantly in the upper parts of the filter media, as it is in most cases, infiltration rates in special PICPs may be rapidly restored if the PICP design is dovetailed to the fluid mechanics of the street cleaning equipment. PICPs described in this paper have special purpose cupules (shaped filter recesses in the upper surface of the block) for rapid cleaning, which are connected to drainage conduits. These cupules facilitate rapid removal of filter media and filtrate by routine street cleaning equipment at economical speeds. Below the cupules, the drainage conduits are designed to provide specified maximum or controlled drainage flow rates. Further, geometry of the resulting drainage cell also meets the requirements of the Americans with Disability Act as well as certain requirements for mass production. To develop these special PICPs-here denoted RCPPs (rapidly cleaned permeable pavers)-experiments were carried out in Guelph, Southern Ontario. This paper describes initial RCPP demonstrations using a rig designed to reveal the fluid mechanics and performance of a regenerative air cleaner moving horizontally over test blocks having the same geometry as the RCPPs, and filled with non-cohesive filter aggregate. Note that these tests were designed to examine the dynamic fluid mechanics of the removal of filter media by a moving pickup head, as affected by geometrical variables only. In our continuing experiments, the independent variables are: V, speed of cleaning equipment over the pavement; θ, angle of the cleaning jets; v, air velocity in the cleaning jets; d and φ, geometry of the cupules; w, width of drainage conduit; and G, gradation of the filter media. S, the ratio of the mass of removed and captured to the original mass of cupule filter media (plus filtrate), is the dependent variable. S is measured by weighing the aggregate added when replacing that removed by the regenerative air vortices, and dividing by the original weight of the aggregate in the cupule. Our laboratory experiments demonstrated that, for the chosen geometries and filter aggregate, complete removal (S ≥ 1.0) is easily achieved in one pass at reasonable speed. The paper describes our experimental rig and demonstrates the cleanout concepts, and includes CAD files of detailed drawings of the components of the rig and test blocks, as well as slow motion video clips of the clean out processes. In essence, the new RCPP promises ready capture of particulates and pollutants attached to them by routine (routine meaning conventional, or off-the-shelf, non-special-purpose) regenerative-air street cleaning equipment. Evidently these RCPPs could significantly advance environmental protection, by rendering clean-out more effective and more economical.

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Provision of Parking Lot Pavement for Surface Water Pollution Control Studies

Cited by 9 publications

References 11 publications

A Laboratory Examination of Pollutants Leached from Four Different Pavements by Acid Rain

A Laboratory Examination of Pollutants Leached from Four Different Pavements by Acid Rain

Contaminants from Four New Pervious and Impervious Pavements in a Parking-lot

Towards Restoring Infiltration in Permeable Pavers—Initial Demonstration of Rapid Clean-out Concepts

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