Provisional Life Expectancy Estimates for 2021

Arias, Elizabeth; Tejada-Vera, Betzaida; Kochanek, Kenneth D.; Ahmad, Farooq

doi:10.15620/cdc:118999

Cited by 197 publications

(180 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…More distinctly, four [ 53 , 54 , 59 , 60 ] of the five studies with data on fatal overdoses showed increasing trends associated with the pandemic onset. These findings align with releases of national overdose deaths data showing a record of over 96,000 deaths in 2020 [ 63 ] and over 100,000 deaths in the 12 months up to May 2021 [ 64 ]. Such increases in negative overdose outcomes nationwide can potentially be explained when they are considered in conjunction with the aforementioned findings concerning potential increases in risky substance use behaviors, increases in the supply of fentanyl, and evidence of reduced harm reduction service capacities due to pandemic disruptions.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Illicit Substance Use and the COVID-19 Pandemic in the United States: A Scoping Review and Characterization of Research Evidence in Unprecedented Times

Patton

Peacock

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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We carried out a scoping review to characterize the primary quantitative evidence addressing changes in key individual/structural determinants of substance use risks and health outcomes over the first two waves of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States (US). We systematically queried the LitCovid database for US-only studies without date restrictions (up to 6 August 2021). We extracted quantitative data from articles addressing changes in: (a) illicit substance use frequency/contexts/behaviors, (b) illicit drug market dynamics, (c) access to treatment and harm reduction services, and (d) illicit substance use-related health outcomes/harms. The majority of 37 selected articles were conducted within metropolitan locations and leveraged historical timeseries medical records data. Limited available evidence supported changes in frequency/behaviors/contexts of substance use. Few studies point to increases in fentanyl and reductions in heroin availability. Policy-driven interventions to lower drug use treatment thresholds conferred increased access within localized settings but did not seem to significantly prevent broader disruptions nationwide. Substance use-related emergency medical services’ presentations and fatal overdose data showed a worsening situation. Improved study designs/data sources, backed by enhanced routine monitoring of illicit substance use trends, are needed to characterize substance use-related risks and inform effective responses during public health emergencies.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Illicit Substance Use and the COVID-19 Pandemic in the United States: A Scoping Review and Characterization of Research Evidence in Unprecedented Times

Patton

Peacock

et al. 2022

IJERPH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This finding is confounding because CDC reports that African American and Hispanic people are 1.9 and 2.1 times, respectively, more likely than White people to die of COVID-19 ( 24 ). Yet, the “Hispanic paradox” ( 25 ) indicates that although older Hispanic people are not healthier than older non-Hispanic people, they have lower rates of mortality and the highest life expectancy in the US ( 26 ). Future research could examine this relationship more closely.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Town-Level Prevalence of Chronic Lung Conditions and Death From COVID-19 Among Older Adults in Connecticut and Rhode Island

Jansen

Lee

et al. 2022

Prev. Chronic Dis.

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What is already known on this topic? Chronic lung diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma, are among the top preexisting conditions identified by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention that increase the risk for severe COVID-19 illness and death. What is added by this report?Town-level factors (African American race and Hispanic ethnicity, age ≥65 y, and low educational attainment) were significant predictors of COVID-19 death rates, adding to the current understanding of the impact of social determinants of health on outcomes.What are the implications for public health practice? Public health policy makers could focus on communities reporting high rates of chronic lung conditions among the older adult population to provide more testing and access to vaccinations.

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“…Varying definitions of CR exist across multiple disciplines, including disaster preparedness and planning in the face of climate change 15. Key elements that help communities bounce back after acute shocks are also indicators of a community's day-to-day vitality, cohesion, and social capital 16.…”

Section: Public Health Theory: Community Resiliencementioning

confidence: 99%

Community Resilience: A Dynamic Model for Public Health 3.0

Ellis

Dietz

Chen

2022

Journal of Public Health Management and Practice

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Objective: To establish a model for Public Health 3.0 in order to define and measure community resilience (CR) as a method to measure equity, address structural racism, and improve population health. Design: To develop the CR model, we conducted a literature review in medicine, psychology, early childhood development, neurobiology, and disaster preparedness and response and applied system dynamics modeling to analyze the complex interactions between public systems, policies, and community. Main Outcome Measures:The CR model focuses on community and population health outcomes associated with the policies and practices of the housing, public education, law enforcement, and criminal justice sectors as CR measures. The model demonstrates how behaviors of these systems interact and produce outcome measures such as employment, homelessness, educational attainment, incarceration, and mental and physical health. Results: The policies and practices within housing, public schools, law enforcement, and criminal justice can suppress resilience for families and communities because they are shaped by structural racism and influence the character and nature of resources that promote optimal community health and well-being. Conclusions: Community resilience is relational and place-based and varies depending on the demographic makeup of residents, historical patterns of place-based racism and discrimination, jurisdictional policy, and investment priorities-all influenced by structural racism. Implications for Policy and Practice: Using system dynamics modeling and the CR approach, chief health strategists can convene partners from multiple sectors to systematically identify, measure, and address inequities produced by structural racism that result in and contribute to adverse childhood and community experiences.

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Provisional Life Expectancy Estimates for 2021

Cited by 197 publications

References 4 publications

Illicit Substance Use and the COVID-19 Pandemic in the United States: A Scoping Review and Characterization of Research Evidence in Unprecedented Times

Illicit Substance Use and the COVID-19 Pandemic in the United States: A Scoping Review and Characterization of Research Evidence in Unprecedented Times

The Town-Level Prevalence of Chronic Lung Conditions and Death From COVID-19 Among Older Adults in Connecticut and Rhode Island

Community Resilience: A Dynamic Model for Public Health 3.0

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