Proximal design in South African informal settlements: users as designers and the construction of the built environment and its fire risks

Spinardi, Graham; Cooper-Knock, Sarah-Jane; Rush, David

doi:10.1080/25729861.2020.1847531

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Experimentalmente se ha demostrado que, en modelos a escala de viviendas informales de Sudáfrica, la transición entre el crecimiento y la etapa de fully developed fire puede ocurrir en menos de 60 s [19]. Otros experimentos al aire libre sobre viviendas informales representativas de Sudáfrica sugieren menos 90 s para que se desarrolle completamente el incendio [14].…”

Section: E Configuraciónunclassified

“…Muchas de estas viviendas informales están construidas con elementos reciclables y/o económicos como cartón, laminas metálicas, plásticos o lonas, y pueden o no tener entradas de ventilación o iluminación [12,13]. La mayoría de las personas dependen de proveedores y/o conexiones ilegales a la red para obtener su "servicio" de agua y electricidad, y pueden o no utilizar otro combustible (e.g., madera) para calentar, cocinar e iluminar en su vivienda [14]. Estas características, sumadas a los materiales altamente inflamables y/o a la falta de regulación asociada a su construcción, contribuyen a que los asentamientos informales sean extremadamente vulnerables a incendios.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

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Numerical simulation of an informal dwelling fire in the colombian context

Trujillo¹,

Montoya²,

Correa³

2023

Proceedings of the 21th LACCEI International Multi-Conference for Engineering, Education and Technology (LACCEI 2023): “Leaders

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Informal settlement fires have been recognized as a global problem, affecting thousands of people annually and representing an extensive risk for millions. Informal settlements are characterized by poor infrastructure, lack of access to vital services, and flammable construction materials. This paper presents a simplified numerical simulation of a Colombian informal dwelling built with Guadua. The temperature and heat flux results are compared with respect to an informal timber dwelling. A sensitivity analysis of the mesh, computational domain, and burner configuration is performed. The results show that the properties of Guadua reduce the flashover growth rate, the heat fluxes at the door and window, and the maximum temperature of the enclosure compared to a timber dwelling. These results provide an opportunity to understand Colombia's informal dwelling fire damage and could afford to develop security strategies in the most critical areas.

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Section: E Configuraciónunclassified

Section: Introductionunclassified

Numerical simulation of an informal dwelling fire in the colombian context

Trujillo¹,

Montoya²,

Correa³

2023

Proceedings of the 21th LACCEI International Multi-Conference for Engineering, Education and Technology (LACCEI 2023): “Leaders

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“…In Khayelitsha, for example, a man's neighbours complained to their street committee that he regularly started fires in his home when trying to cook whilst drunk. Due to the size and materiality of many informal dwellings, as well as the open-flame energy on which many residents are forced to depend, there is an "inhumane margin for error" (Spinardi et al 2020) over fire hazards within informal settlements. In the governance of fire-related behaviour, residents trade this knowledge off against the fear of settlement fires, which can spread quickly with deadly consequences.…”

Section: Banishment As Social and Spatial Rupturementioning

confidence: 99%

Civic‐Led Banishment in South Africa: Punishment, Authority, and Spatialised Precarity

Cooper-Knock

Super

2021

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Civic-led banishment, a fundamentally spatial punishment, is an understudied phenomenon in South Africa and beyond. We define it as "a punitive spatial practice, enacted by non-state actors in response to alleged criminality or deviance, which attempts varying degrees of socio-spatial expulsion over time". This definition lays the framework for a socio-spatial analysis of punishment, and yields insights into the exercise of socio-spatial control in public and private space. We emphasise the specific challenges associated with banishment, together with the relationship between space, punishment, public authority, and sovereignty. We demonstrate how "negotiations" around banishment trade off two forms of intersecting precarity: those faced by residents in informal settlements and the potential precarity of public authorities. Finally, we argue that an exploration of all forms of punishment through the lens of sociospatial expulsion enables us to tap into conversations around penal abolitionism.

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