Proximal Interphalangeal Arthrodesis in Horses: A Meta-Analysis of Retrospective Studies

Mechanical Properties and Failure Mode of Proximal Screw Fixation Technique Using Locking Compression Plate for Proximal Interphalangeal Arthrodesis in Horses: An Ex Vivo Study

“…However, variations in screw configurations have been reported in the literature, and it does not appear that peri-implant fractures of the proximal phalanx are a significant concern, nor are they specifically related to the type of screw used at the proximal end of the plate. 3 Compression at the fracture or arthrodesis site is crucial for the patient's successful healing and postoperative comfort. 33 To achieve this, a hole was developed that allows compression to be carried out by the plate during the application of cortex screws positioned eccentrically, 11 which has been incorporated into the locking plates.…”

“…However, variations in screw configurations have been reported in the literature, and it does not appear that peri-implant fractures of the proximal phalanx are a significant concern, nor are they specifically related to the type of screw used at the proximal end of the plate. 3…”

“…Arthrodesis has proven to be efficacious in managing conditions affecting the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint in horses, including fractures of the middle phalanx, luxation, cysts, and osteoarthritis, enabling a resumption of some intended function, but usually at a lower athletic level after complete ankylosis. [1][2][3][4] Numerous techniques to promote ankylosis have been described and employed 3 yet employing pastern arthrodesis with a locking compression plate (LCP) has emerged as an efficacious option, [4][5][6] recommended by the AO Foundation (Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Osteosynthesefragen). 7 Except for cases of middle phalanx fractures and palmar/ plantar luxation, for which two LCP are recommended, 4,8,9 PIP arthrodesis typically entails internal fixation employing a 3hole, 4.5-mm narrow LCP, specifically designed for this procedure (with an increased distance between the middle and distal hole), in conjunction with two 5.5-mm cortex screws placed transarticularly in lag fashion.…”

“…15,16 In a meta-analysis, de Souza and colleagues found that 65% of horses undergoing PIP arthrodesis (using different implants) returned to their activities. 3 The authors deemed this outcome to be modest, given the treatment's potential. Identifying the most suitable screw and anchorage type to achieve the best mechanical stability with the lowest risk of failure could facilitate healing with less bone proliferation, potentially leading to an increased quality of life and return to work.…”

“…Arthrodesis has proven to be efficacious in managing conditions affecting the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint in horses, including fractures of the middle phalanx, luxation, cysts, and osteoarthritis, enabling a resumption of some intended function, but usually at a lower athletic level after complete ankylosis. 1 2 3 4 Numerous techniques to promote ankylosis have been described and employed 3 yet employing pastern arthrodesis with a locking compression plate (LCP) has emerged as an efficacious option, 4 5 6 recommended by the AO Foundation (Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Osteosynthesefragen). 7…”