Proximate and Nutritional Content of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Flesh Cultured in a Tropical Highland Area

Abstract

The present study was performed to assess the proximate and nutrient content of rainbow trout flesh, cultured in the Doi Inthanon Fisheries Research Unit, Chiang Mai Inland Fisheries Research and Development Center, Thailand. 240 fish were randomly distributed across 12 cages with 20 fish cage-1. Sixteen individual fish from each cage were randomly collected at different ages of 10, 12 and 24 months. Body composition, pH, water-holding capacity, shear force, collagen content analysis, sensory, lipid oxidation, and fatty acids profile were evaluated. The results indicated that body composition and carcass length were significantly higher in fish aged 24 months, except for carcass and viscero-somatic index percentages (P ≤ 0.05). Fish at 24 months showed significantly higher pH, moisture, fat, shear force, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, and total collagen content values than fish at 10 and 12 months (P ≤ 0.05). However, protein percentage, sensory measurement and water-holding capacity were significantly higher in younger fish at 10 and 12 months. The average lipid content and n-6/n-3 ratios were significantly greater in fish at 12 months and in ventral fillets (P ≤ 0.05). However, polyunsaturated fatty acids: saturated fatty acid ratio was higher in fish at 24 months and in dorsal fillets. In conclusion, rainbow trout cultured in subtropical , montane conditions can be valuable sources of protein, unsaturated fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acids, and docosahexaenoic acids.

Fats Extracted from Oil Press Cakes, Fish Meat, and Chicken Hearts as Potential CoQ10 Supplements

“…As for the fat content in CH, a lower amount (4.27 g/100 g sample) was found by Pikul et al [26] in an earlier study. Fat contents between 5.5 and 8.7 g/100 g were reported by Van Doan et al [27] in rainbow trout, depending on age and tested muscle.…”

“…Since both fatty acids were present in the fat extracted from chicken hearts, their sum was also calculated for this sample (see Table 2); a concentration of 10.8 mg/100 mg fat was found in WF and 0.12 mg/100 mg fat in CH. Levels between 10.5 and 13.7 mg/100 g llet were reported by Van Doan et al [27] in llets (dorsal and ventral) of rainbow trout (age 10-24 months). FLQ index instead estimates the EPA plus DHA amount as a percentage of total fatty acids [48].…”

The Blue Treasure: Comprehensive Biorefinery of Blue Crab (Callinectes sapidus)

“…Chitin extraction and lactic acid production from crab shells via the fermentation of Lactobacillus spp. using sugar cane molasses as a carbon source have been recently reported by Doan et al [90]. Lactic acid fermentation has been reported by several authors as a beneficial alternative to chemical processes for extracting chitin from seafood [91,92].…”

Methylmercury Effects on Birds: A Review, Meta‐Analysis, and Development of Toxicity Reference Values for Injury Assessment Based on Tissue Residues and Diet

“…Because examining effects of Hg using wet weight dietary Hg concentrations introduces additional uncertainty in the amount of dietary Hg exposure and makes comparisons among studies difficult (Adrian & Stevens, 1979), we converted dietary‐dosed Hg concentrations reported in wet weight into dry weight using study‐specific percentage moisture in the feed, when provided. If studies did not report the specific moisture content in the feed, then we used an average moisture content of 10% for mallard feed (Heinz & Hoffman, 1998), 13.9% for zebra finch feed (Lewis et al, 2013), 11.5% for all other studies feeding birds a grain diet (Cabañero et al, 2006), 12% for pelletized food fed to ibis (Mazuri, 2023), 62% for meatballs fed to American kestrels (Bennett et al, 2009), 67% for chicken livers fed to red‐tailed hawks (Eagles‐Smith et al, 2008), 71% for small prey fish (primarily silversides) fed to great egrets (Eagles‐Smith & Ackerman, 2014), and 71% for rainbow trout fed to common loons (Doan et al, 2020; Timberg et al, 2011). Although toxicity reference values for dietary‐dosed birds were modeled based on dry weight (µg/g dry wt), for comparability to some of the published literature, we also translated these results into common moisture contents (µg/g wet wt) for both granivorous birds consuming a typical seed‐based diet (10% moisture; Cabañero et al, 2006) and piscivorous birds consuming a small prey‐fish–based diet (75% moisture; Ackerman et al, 2015; Depew, Basu, Burgess, Campbell, Devlin, et al, 2012; Eagles‐Smith & Ackerman, 2014).…”