Proximate and Phytochemical of Cola nitida and Cola acuminata

Abstract

The aim of the research was to examine Cola nitida and Cola acuminata for their phytochemical and proximate compositions. Presence of secondary metabolites do provide information about the plants for their potentials as a lead candidates for the novel drug discovery. The proximate analysis was done using the method of Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) and the phytochemical analysis was done using methods of Markkar and Goodchild for tannin, Brunner for saponin, Harbone for alkaloid and Bohm and Koupai-Abyazani for flavonoid. The proximate results showed that the moisture content of Cola acuminata and Cola nitida were in the range of 9.73-9.81%, ash 2.72-2.21%, fat 3.02-2.20%, protein 19.14-15.24%, crude fiber 7.30-4.18% and carbohydrate 58.09 66.45%. Cola acuminate has more protein content, ash and fat than Cola nitida. The result of phytochemical analysis showed that Cola acuminata has more alkaloids (2.22%), tannin (6.46%) and saponin (8.06%) than Cola nitida. The phenol contents of the two kola nuts were the same range 0.27%, the flavonoid were in the range of 0.12-0.14%. The presence of secondary metabolites in these plants are indications that if well researched, novel bioactive compounds can be discovered in them as there are worldwide efforts by scientists looking for new bioactive compounds to combat various ailments which have developed high resistant to already known antibiotics.

Nutritional and Anti-Nutrient Composition of Three Kola Nuts (<i> Cola nitida, Cola acuminata </i> and <i> Garcinia kola </i>) Produced in Benin

“…For the both species, our results were on the one hand higher of those obtained by Arogba [37] with C. nitida (3.5%) and Ajai et al [32] in Niger which obtained 8.68% for C. nitida and 8.65 for C. acuminata. On the other hand, the results of this study were lower than those obtain Adeyeye et al [36] concerning C. acuminata (11.95%) and also those obtained by Dewole et al [18] in Nigeria which obtained 15.24% ± 0.58% with C. nitida and 19.14% ± 0.25% with C. acuminata. The difference between these studies may be due to pedology and ecological conditions because the water deficit influences the nitrogen supply in the plant [38].…”

“…The low lipid content of these nuts is predictable because these seeds are not oleaginous. For the three species, the ash content is higher than which obtained by Dewole et al [18], but the comparable results were obtained by Ajai et al [32], Agbeniyi and Ayodele [41] and Adeyeye and Ayejuyo [36] for C. acuminata.…”

“…[32], which are between 20.62 -22.50 for the three species, as well as those found by Odebumi et al [33] for C. nitida (66.40 ± 0.08) and G. kola (60.48 ± 0.06). On the over hand, these values are above those obtained by Dewole et al [18] which obtained 9.73 ± 0.02 for C. acuminata and 9.81 ± 0.01 for C. nitida and 7.2 ± 0.08 for G. kola [1]. This variation of moisture content in the different studies would be related to drying time of the samples before analysis because Lowor et al [34] showed in their study that the moisture content of a sample varies by drying time of the latter.…”

Influence of Sprouting on Proximate and Sensory Properties of <i>Gworo</i> (<i>Cola nitida</i>) and <i>Ojigbo</i> (<i>Cola acuminata</i>) Kola Nuts

“…There are significant differences (P<0.05) in MC between sprouted and un-sprouted kola nuts of both varieties. The MC of un-sprouted kola nuts of both varieties was higher than 8.29% reported by [21], and 9.73% and 9.81% reported for ojigbo and gworo respectively by [6] for un-sprouted kola nut. The results obtained were also at variance with that of [6] who reported higher MC for gworo (9.81%) and lower MC for ojigbo.…”

“…Proximate results reported [6] showed that the moisture content of ojigbo and gworo were in respective range of 9.73 to 9.81%, ash 2.72 to 2.21%, fat 3.02 to 2.20%, protein 19.14 to 15.24%, crude fiber 7.30 to 4.18% and carbohydrate 58.09 to 66.45%. Ojigbo has more protein, ash and fat than gworo.…”