Proximate composition, fatty acids and nutritional indices of promising freshwater fish species from Serrasalmidae family

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate and compare the proximate composition and fatty acids (FA) profile of four fish species Piaractus mesopotamicus (PM), Colossoma macropomum (CM), Piaractus mesopotamicus X Colossoma macropomum (PC) and Piaractus brachypomus (PB). Fish fillets were analyzed for proximate composition, fatty acid profile, and nutritional quality indices. In general, PM and PB presented lower moisture content (73.75 ± 0.07 and 70.47 ± 0.16) and higher lipid content (4.34 ± 0.81 and 9.23 ± 1.16), respectively (p < 0.05). Although all species presented the same PUFA>MUFA>SFA pattern, PM and PB showed higher total n-3 FA values (mainly DHA and EPA), while CM had the lowest one (p < 0.05). Moreover, PM and PB exhibited superior nutritional quality indices, presenting the highest h/H ratio and the lowest IA and IT ratio (p < 0.05). A similar nutritional profile was observed for CM and PC. Therefore, PM and PB represent an excellent source of high-quality lipids, demonstrating that these freshwater fish species can be considered optimal for human consumption. Composición aproximada, ácidos grasos e índices nutricionales de prometedoras especies de peces de agua dulce de la familia Serrasalmidae RESUMEN El presente estudio se propuso evaluar y comparar la composición aproximada y el perfil de ácidos grasos (FA) de cuatro especies de peces: Piaractus mesopotamicus (PM), Colossoma macropomum (CM), Piaractus mesopotamicus X Colossoma macropomum (PC) y Piaractus brachypomus (PB). Con este objetivo se analizaron los filetes de pescado para determinar, además de la composición aproximada y el perfil de ácidos grasos, sus índices de calidad nutricional. En general, PM y PB presentaron menor contenido de humedad (73.75 ± 0.07 y 70.47 ± 0.16) y mayor contenido de lípidos (4.34 ± 0.81 y 9.23 ± 1.16), respectivamente (p < 0.05). Aunque todas las especies mostraron el mismo patrón PUFA>MUFA>SFA, PM y PB exhibieron valores totales de FA n-3 más altos (principalmente DHA y EPA), mientras que CM tuvo el valor más bajo (p < 0.05). Además, PM y PB mostraron índices de calidad nutricional superiores, registrando la relación h/H más alta y la relación IA e IT más baja (p < 0.05). Un perfil nutricional similar se observó para CM y PC. Por lo tanto, PM y PB representan una excelente fuente de lípidos de alta calidad, lo que indica que estas especies de peces de agua dulce pueden considerarse óptimas para el consumo humano.

Muscle proximate composition of various food fish species and their nutritional significance: A review

“…Such type of associations allows in predicting wet weight and per cent water from fish body composition. A lot of work has been carried out on the analysis of moisture content of various fish species from different parts of the world (Ahmed et al, 2012; Ali et al, 2005; Ashraf et al, 2011; Breck, 2014; Chakraborty et al, 2015; Elaigwu, 2019; Farhoudi et al, 2011; Gul et al, 2017; Hadjinikolova, 2008; Hussain et al, 2011; Memon et al, 2010; Mohanty & Nayak, 2018; Njinkoue et al, 2016; Ravichandran et al, 2011; Rodrigues et al, 2020).…”

“…The analysis of proximate composition of three fishes from the southern Gulf of Lake Tana, Ethiopia, revealed that significantly highest value 80.50% of moisture content was recorded in C. gariepinus and the lowest value 79.00% in Oreochromis niloticus (Geremew et al, 2020). Rodrigues et al (2020) studied the proximate composition of freshwater fish species belonging to Serrasalmidae family and reported that the range of moisture amount varied from 70.47% to 79.25% in all the four fish species. The results showed that Colossoma macropomum and Piaractus mesopotamicus × C. macropomum depicted significantly higher moisture content than other two fish species while as the lowest value was significantly noted in P. brachypomus .…”

“…A lot of work has been carried out on the analysis of moisture content of various fish species from different parts of the world (Ahmed et al, 2012;Ali et al, 2005;Ashraf et al, 2011;Breck, 2014;Chakraborty et al, 2015;Elaigwu, 2019;Farhoudi et al, 2011;Gul et al, 2017;Hadjinikolova, 2008;Hussain et al, 2011;Memon et al, 2010;Mohanty & Nayak, 2018;Njinkoue et al, 2016;Ravichandran et al, 2011;Rodrigues et al, 2020). A detailed study carried out by Okland et al (2005) while evaluating the proximate composition of some deep-sea teleosts and elasmobranchs recorded the maximum level 87.20% of moisture content in Alepocephalus bairdii and a minimum value of 79.90% in Centroscymnus coelolepis.…”

Comprehensive lipidomic analysis of the lipids extracted from freshwater fish bones and crustacean shells

“…Rodrigues et al (Rodrigues et al, 2020) used GC to analyze the fatty acid profiles of 4 freshwater fish species. All samples showed a pattern where PUFA levels were greater than MUFA levels, which were greater than SFA levels.…”

“…GC‐FID analysis showed that 53 fatty acid species were identified, and the fatty acid composition of different fish varied. Rodrigues et al (Rodrigues et al., 2020 ) used GC to analyze the fatty acid profiles of 4 freshwater fish species. All samples showed a pattern where PUFA levels were greater than MUFA levels, which were greater than SFA levels.…”