Proximity relationships within a birth cohort of immature Japanese monkeys (Macaca fuscata) in a free-ranging group during the first four years of life

Nakamichi, Masayuki

doi:10.1002/(sici)1098-2345(1996)40:4<315::aid-ajp2>3.0.co;2-0

Cited by 23 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Males displayed more play preferences than females, yearlings with high maternal rank had the largest social networks, and yearlings from larger matrilines displayed a greater number of proximity preferences. These patterns are consistent with results of previous studies of social behaviour of both wild and captive macaques (de Waal & Luttrell 1986; Ehardt & Bernstein 1987; Nakamichi 1996). Nonetheless, as in previous studies, sex, rank, and kinship failed to fully explain observed variation in the social relations of our animals.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Attraction to kin and to similarly-ranked conspecifics has been demonstrated numerous times by nonhuman primate researchers (de Waal & Luttrell 1986; Ehardt & Bernstein 1987; Nakamichi 1996). We note that for our subjects, attraction to similarly-ranked peers was not simply a result of attraction to kin.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Studies investigating the proximate basis of this variation have found that animals often form relationships based upon kinship, sex, and rank (Seyfarth 1977). For example, animals generally prefer to affiliate with kin over non-kin, with same-sex group-mates over those of the opposite sex, and with similarly-ranked animals over distantly-ranked animals (de Waal & Luttrell 1986; Ehardt & Bernstein 1987; Nakamichi 1996). The extent to which affiliative relationship formation fits these general patterns, however, often depends upon the specific behaviour in question (e.g.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Individual differences in infant temperament predict social relationships of yearling rhesus monkeys, Macaca mulatta

Weinstein

Capitanio

2008

Animal Behaviour

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Affiliative relationship formation in nonhuman primates is known to be influenced by kinship, rank, and sex, but such factors do not fully explain observed variation in primate social relations. Individual differences in temperament have a number of important behavioural and physiological correlates that might influence relationship formation. We observed 57 yearling rhesus macaques at the California National Primate Research Center for 10 weeks to determine whether individual differences in temperament relate to the number and quality of affiliative relationships formed with peers. Subjects’ temperament characteristics had previously been quantified during a colony-wide biobehavioural assessment at 90–120 days of age. Yearlings that had scored high on Equability (demonstrating calmness and low levels of physical activity) as infants had fewer peer relationships compared to animals low on this dimension. Additionally, yearlings preferentially affiliated with peers that were similar to themselves in Equability as well as in Adaptability (reflecting the degree of behavioural flexibility that subjects displayed during the biobehavioural assessment). Although kinship, rank, and sex influenced relationship formation as expected, temperament remained a significant predictor of affiliative preferences even after controlling for these variables. Our findings suggest that temperament is a proximate determinant of variation in affiliative relationship formation in group-living primates.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Individual differences in infant temperament predict social relationships of yearling rhesus monkeys, Macaca mulatta

Weinstein

Capitanio

2008

Animal Behaviour

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“…This finding is consistent with previous research in juvenile macaques (Kojima, 1998; Nakamichi, 1996) and human children (Barbu, 2003; Feiring & Lewis, 1987), and demonstrates that segregation between the sexes becomes more marked as individuals mature. As discussed above, such segregation may serve important functions related to status-seeking for males, and investment in kin for females.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Longitudinal stability of friendships in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta): Individual- and relationship-level effects.

Weinstein¹,

Capitanio²

2012

Journal of Comparative Psychology

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The longevity of children’s friendships is influenced by a multitude of individual- and relationship-level attributes, but little is known about the factors that impact friendship maintenance in nonhuman primate juveniles. We investigated whether the following predicted the longitudinal stability of friendships in juvenile rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta): (a) individual characteristics including sex, dominance rank, matriline size, and temperament; and (b) relationship characteristics including kinship, reciprocity, complexity, and similarity between friends in sex, rank, and temperament. We recorded affiliative interactions of 29 two-year-old rhesus monkeys, previously observed as yearlings, at the California National Primate Research Center. Friends were defined as peers with whom subjects spent more time affiliating than expected by chance. Temperament had been assessed at 3-4 months of age. Sex was the only individual characteristic predicting friendship stability: males maintained more friendships from age one to two than did females. Relationship characteristics predicting friendship stability included similarity between individuals in temperament, kinship, and sex. In addition, reciprocated friendships, rather than unidirectional friendships, were significantly more likely to persist over time. Our findings suggest that the factors influencing friendship maintenance in rhesus monkeys are similar to those impacting human friendship longevity.

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“…Time spent in proximity or social contact is a useful index for describing basic social relationships among group members (Takahata 1982;Nakamichi 1996), but it may not be adequate for analyzing which animal takes the active role in maintaining such a close distance. On the other hand, in social grooming, the performer and recipient are easily identified.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age-related differences in social grooming among adult female Japanese monkeys ( Macaca fuscata )

Nakamichi

2003

Primates

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The present study investigated the influence of dominance rank in combination with kinship on age-related differences in social grooming among adult females in a free-ranging group of Japanese monkeys ( Macaca fuscata). Eighty-three adult females were divided into six sub-groups according to age-class (younger: 5-9 years old; middle: 10-14 years old; older: 15-22 years old) and dominance rank (high and low rank). The ratio of the number of unrelated females that each female groomed to the total number of available unrelated females and grooming bouts which she gave to unrelated females decreased with increasing age for both high- and low-ranking females, whereas age did not appear to affect corresponding values for related females. On the other hand, compared with low-ranking females, high-ranking females of all age-classes received grooming more often from a larger number of unrelated females. Moreover, older females of low rank received grooming less often from a smaller number of unrelated females than younger females of low rank. These results indicate that with increasing age females are more likely to concentrate on related females when they have grooming interactions with other females. This tendency seems to be more apparent for low-ranking females. Moreover, the present findings also indicate that older high-ranking females could maintain their social attractiveness as high as younger high-ranking females.

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Proximity relationships within a birth cohort of immature Japanese monkeys (Macaca fuscata) in a free-ranging group during the first four years of life

Cited by 23 publications

References 32 publications

Individual differences in infant temperament predict social relationships of yearling rhesus monkeys, Macaca mulatta

Individual differences in infant temperament predict social relationships of yearling rhesus monkeys, Macaca mulatta

Longitudinal stability of friendships in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta): Individual- and relationship-level effects.

Age-related differences in social grooming among adult female Japanese monkeys ( Macaca fuscata )

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