Proximity to overhead power lines and childhood leukaemia: an international pooled analysis

Amoon, Aryana T.; Crespi, Catherine M.; Ahlbom, Anders; Bhatnagar, Megha; Bray, Isabelle; Bunch, Kathryn; Clavel, Jacqueline; Feychting, Maria; Hémon, Denis; Johansen, Christoffer; Kreis, Christian; Malagoli, Carlotta; Marquant, Fabienne; Pedersen, Camilla; Raaschou-Nielsen, Ole; Röösli, Martin; Spycher, Ben D.; Sudan, Madhuri; Swanson, John; Tittarelli, Andrea; Tuck, DM; Tynes, Tore; Vergara, Ximena; Vinceti, Marco; Wünsch-Filho, Victor; Kheifets, Leeka

doi:10.1038/s41416-018-0097-7

Cited by 44 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Similarly, dwelling type did not affect a previously observed multiplicative interaction between calculated fields and distance [30], although numbers were small. These observations were consistent with previous findings for dwelling type in pooled analyses [14,15]. Our results were slightly higher for proximity to power lines (OR 1.50) and slightly lower for the highest calculated fields (OR 1.39) due to the dwelling sample subset compared with previous studies [31,32].…”

supporting

confidence: 92%

“…Being merely associated with MF exposures and leukemia would not qualify dwelling type as a confounder [12], in which case it could be a collider in an M-bias structure [13]. While two pooled analyses did not show dwelling type to be a confounder in the MF-leukemia relationship [14,15], residence type has been shown to be a strong predictor of measured magnetic fields [16]. Several studies have found greater exposure to magnetic fields in apartments when using both measurements [2,[17][18][19][20] and calculations [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The role of dwelling type when estimating the effect of magnetic fields on childhood leukemia in the California Power Line Study (CAPS)

Amoon

Crespi

Nguyen

et al. 2020

Cancer Causes Control

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supporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of dwelling type when estimating the effect of magnetic fields on childhood leukemia in the California Power Line Study (CAPS)

Amoon

Crespi

Nguyen

et al. 2020

Cancer Causes Control

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“…2011, 2015), passive smoking (Metayer et al. 2016b; Pyatt and Hays 2010), magnetic field exposure (Amoon et al. 2018), and socioeconomic factors (Kehm et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2016a). In addition to established and putative environmental risk factors such as ionizing and nonionizing radiation (Amoon et al. 2018; Bartley et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between Outdoor Air Pollution and Childhood Leukemia: A Systematic Review and Dose–Response Meta-Analysis

Filippini

Hatch

Rothman

et al. 2019

Environ Health Perspect

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121

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Background:A causal link between outdoor air pollution and childhood leukemia has been proposed, but some older studies suffer from methodological drawbacks. To the best of our knowledge, no systematic reviews have summarized the most recently published evidence and no analyses have examined the dose–response relation.Objective:We investigated the extent to which outdoor air pollution, especially as resulting from traffic-related contaminants, affects the risk of childhood leukemia.Methods:We searched all case–control and cohort studies that have investigated the risk of childhood leukemia in relation to exposure either to motorized traffic and related contaminants, based on various traffic-related metrics (number of vehicles in the closest roads, road density, and distance from major roads), or to measured or modeled levels of air contaminants such as benzene, nitrogen dioxide, 1,3-butadiene, and particulate matter. We carried out a meta-analysis of all eligible studies, including nine studies published since the last systematic review and, when possible, we fit a dose–response curve using a restricted cubic spline regression model.Results:We found 29 studies eligible to be included in our review. In the dose–response analysis, we found little association between disease risk and traffic indicators near the child’s residence for most of the exposure range, with an indication of a possible excess risk only at the highest levels. In contrast, benzene exposure was positively and approximately linearly associated with risk of childhood leukemia, particularly for acute myeloid leukemia, among children under 6 y of age, and when exposure assessment at the time of diagnosis was used. Exposure to nitrogen dioxide showed little association with leukemia risk except at the highest levels.Discussion:Overall, the epidemiologic literature appears to support an association between benzene and childhood leukemia risk, with no indication of any threshold effect. A role for other measured and unmeasured pollutants from motorized traffic is also possible. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP4381

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“…Epidemiological studies of childhood cancer in relation to proximity to pollution foci have reached great importance recently [22–27], and industrial registers of toxic substances as the E-PRTR provide a tool for the monitoring and surveillance of harmful effects of these industrial pollutants, some of them carcinogenic, on the human health. In this sense, our experience is being positive because our study is providing some epidemiological clues that residing in the vicinity of certain industrial and urban areas may be a risk factor for some types of childhood cancers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methodological approaches to the study of cancer risk in the vicinity of pollution sources: the experience of a population-based case–control study of childhood cancer

et al. 2019

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Background Environmental exposures are related to the risk of some types of cancer, and children are the most vulnerable group of people. This study seeks to present the methodological approaches used in the papers of our group about risk of childhood cancers in the vicinity of pollution sources (industrial and urban sites). A population-based case–control study of incident childhood cancers in Spain and their relationship with residential proximity to industrial and urban areas was designed. Two methodological approaches using mixed multiple unconditional logistic regression models to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were developed: (a) “ near vs. far ” analysis, where possible excess risks of cancers in children living near (“near”) versus those living far (“far”) from industrial and urban areas were assessed; and (b) “ risk gradient ” analysis, where the risk gradient in the vicinity of industries was assessed. For each one of the two approaches, three strategies of analysis were implemented: “ joint ”, “ stratified ”, and “ individualized ” analysis. Incident cases were obtained from the Spanish Registry of Childhood Cancer (between 1996 and 2011). Results Applying this methodology, associations between proximity (≤ 2 km) to specific industrial and urban zones and risk (OR; 95% CI) of leukemias (1.31; 1.04–1.65 for industrial areas, and 1.28; 1.00–1.53 for urban areas), neuroblastoma (2.12; 1.18–3.83 for both industrial and urban areas), and renal (2.02; 1.16–3.52 for industrial areas) and bone (4.02; 1.73–9.34 for urban areas) tumors have been suggested. Conclusions The two methodological approaches were used as a very useful and flexible tool to analyze the excess risk of childhood cancers in the vicinity of industrial and urban areas, which can be extrapolated and generalized to other cancers and chronic diseases, and adapted to other types of pollution sources.

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Proximity to overhead power lines and childhood leukaemia: an international pooled analysis

Cited by 44 publications

References 57 publications

The role of dwelling type when estimating the effect of magnetic fields on childhood leukemia in the California Power Line Study (CAPS)

The role of dwelling type when estimating the effect of magnetic fields on childhood leukemia in the California Power Line Study (CAPS)

Association between Outdoor Air Pollution and Childhood Leukemia: A Systematic Review and Dose–Response Meta-Analysis

Methodological approaches to the study of cancer risk in the vicinity of pollution sources: the experience of a population-based case–control study of childhood cancer

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