“…Horizontal wells have been widely used for heavy-oil recovery, as well as geothermal energy development (Fengrui et al 2017a, b, Fengrui et al 2018a. In the heavy-oil industry, horizontal wells are always selected for the steamassisted gravity drainage process, steam flooding, as well as the cyclic steam stimulation process (Fengrui et al 2018d(Fengrui et al , e, f, g, h, i, j, k, l, 2019aGanesh et al 2019;Zargar and Ali 2018;Baghernezhad et al 2019;Venkatramani and Okuno 2018;Bao et al 2016). This is because, compared with the vertical well, horizontal well processes the multi-advantages of a larger contact area with oil reservoir, a higher production rate as well as a larger well-controlled volume (Khan and Awotunde 2018;Muradov and Davies 2012).…”