Prozone phenomenon in secondary syphilis with HIV co-infection

Awake, Praneet; Angadi, Kalpana; Sen, S.; Bhadange, Prasad

doi:10.4103/ijstd.ijstd_43_22

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The amounts of biotin can interfere on complex formations, as well the solubility and availability of Ab in different dilutions and Ag-Ab relationship. High concentration of Ab can lead to prozone phenomenon thereby resulting in a false negative result and increasing the signal value after dilution (Awake et al, 2022). However, considering the use of streptavidin-biotin binding as part of the assay methodology, prevails the hypothesis of high amounts of biotin on sample decrease the secondary antibody's biotin marker binding sites with the primary antibody, keeping these sites occupied.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Biotin Sample Interference on Antibodies Concentration by Sandwich Immunoassays

Balieiro Neto,

Engracia Filho,

Budino

et al. 2023

Preprint

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The use of antibiotics grown promoter has been banned, due led problems with drug residues in animal products and increased bacterial resistance. For several reasons there is a growing interest in the scientific community in immunoglobulin Y as antibiotic alternative and their oral administration in the polyclonal antibody (pAb) format, to maintain animal health and performance, do not require IgY purification for large-scale production, resulting in protein impurities and high concentration of biotin in the samples. The signal amplification through non-covalent interaction of biotin with streptavidin has been extensionally used by many laboratories for several diagnosis diseases and scientific research in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). However, the riches sources of biotin as egg yolk, leading to high biotin concentrations in samples, harming the accuracy of diagnostic and proteins concentrations tests. This study aimed to evaluate the biotin influence on measurement of Immunoglobulin Y in egg yolk freeze dried samples from immunized laying hens by immunoassays using biotin-avidin/streptavidin. The IgY concentration changed down in immunoassays using biotin-avidin/streptavidin. The detection of IgY in yolk samples by ELISA using streptavidin–biotin binding as part of the assay methodology requires some technology to neutralize high concentration of biotin on sample or more steps beyond delipidation to isolate the target protein. Otherwise, an ELISA without the use of streptavidin-biotin binding would be more advisable to avoid biotin and targets protein relationship and prevent biotin interference on results.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Biotin Sample Interference on Antibodies Concentration by Sandwich Immunoassays

Balieiro Neto,

Engracia Filho,

Budino

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…There is a growing interest in immunoglobulin Y (IgY), which is abundant in the egg yolks of immunized laying hens, as an alternative to antibiotics for various diagnostic, therapeutic, and research applications [3]. Antibodies against Streptococcus equinus, Lactobacillus spp., Fusobacterium necrophorum, Escherichia coli, Clostridium aminophilum, sticklandii, Peptostreptococcus, Salmonella enteritidis, Salmonella enterica, Salmonella typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus, Helicobacter pylori, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, rotavirus, porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus, porcine epidemic diarrhea virus, and yeasts have been studied [4][5][6][7][8][9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of High-Biotin Sample Interference on Antibody Concentrations in Sandwich Immunoassays

Balieiro Neto,

Engracia Filho,

Budino

et al. 2023

Vaccines

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The use of antimicrobial growth promoters (AGPs) is banned because of problems associated with drug residues in animal products and increased bacterial resistance. The immunization of chickens with specific antigens is a promising strategy for generating specific antibodies that can target a wide range of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and can be used as an alternative to antibiotics. Immunoglobulin Y (IgY) antibodies in a polyclonal antibody (pAb) format, when administered orally, modulate the ruminal microbiome and maintain animal health and performance; however, there are concerns pertaining to protein impurities and biotin concentrations in the samples. Signal amplification strategies involving the noncovalent interaction of biotin with streptavidin is extensively used in diagnosis and scientific research, particularly in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). However, the high concentrations of biotin in samples, especially in those derived from rich sources such as egg yolk, can pose challenges and potentially harm the accuracy of diagnostic tests and protein concentration measurements. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of biotin on the measurement of IgY in freeze-dried egg yolk samples obtained from immunized laying hens using immunoassays with biotin–avidin/streptavidin. The detection of IgY in yolk samples using ELISA with streptavidin–biotin binding could lead to misdiagnosis due to biotin interference; the level of interference varies with the specific assay conditions and the concentration of biotin in the yolk samples. An ELISA without streptavidin–biotin binding is advisable to avoid interactions between biotin and target proteins, prevent biotin interference with the results, and achieve more reliable and accurate results.

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Granulomatous secondary syphilis: When to maintain a high index of suspicion?

Di Prete,

Latini,

Lora

et al. 2024

J Cutan Pathol

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We recently read with great interest, the publication entitled "Granulomatous secondary syphilis: Another diagnostic pitfall for dermatopathologist" concerning a case of secondary syphilis with granulomatous inflammation on histopathology, which was immunohistochemically negative for Treponema pallidum. 1 Jin et al. underlined that granulomatous infiltration is uncommon in cases of secondary syphilis cutaneous lesions. In these cases, detecting the spirochetes may be difficult, as the number of microorganisms decreases in established, non-treated infections. Although the T. pallidum immunohistochemistry is highly sensitive and can detect even a small number of pathogens, the case described in the paper failed to stain. It was possible to establish the correct diagnosis by matching serological results. 1 Recently, a 48-year-old Caucasian woman visited our unit with a diffuse rash, which was present for 3 months without any other symptoms. The eruption consisted of widespread erythematous papules

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Prozone phenomenon in secondary syphilis with HIV co-infection

Cited by 4 publications

References 11 publications

High-Biotin Sample Interference on Antibodies Concentration by Sandwich Immunoassays

High-Biotin Sample Interference on Antibodies Concentration by Sandwich Immunoassays

Effects of High-Biotin Sample Interference on Antibody Concentrations in Sandwich Immunoassays

Granulomatous secondary syphilis: When to maintain a high index of suspicion?

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