PRRS virus receptors and an alternative pathway for viral invasion

Ni, Ye; Wang, Bin; Feng, Wei; Tang, Deyuan; Zeng, Zhiyong

doi:10.1016/j.virusres.2022.198885

Cited by 19 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 116 publications

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“…The virus first attaches to and then penetrates into the host target cells. Clathrin-mediated endocytosis is the major route that is used by PRRSV for entry into PAMs or Marc-145 cells ( 30 ). As a scavenger, MARCO is internalized into endosomes from the cell surface upon the recognition of its ligand.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

MARCO Inhibits Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Infection through Intensifying Viral GP5-Induced Apoptosis

Zhang

Chen

et al. 2023

Microbiol Spectr

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

MARCO Inhibits Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Infection through Intensifying Viral GP5-Induced Apoptosis

Zhang

Chen

et al. 2023

Microbiol Spectr

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“…Previous in vitro studies have suggested several host cellular molecules as potential entry mediators and receptors for PRRSV such as CD169, non-muscle myosin heavy chain 9 (MYH9), heparan sulphate, vimentin, DC-SIGN (CD209), CD151, and CD163 [13][14][15]. However, research involving genetically modified pigs demonstrated that CD163 is the only essential and sufficient receptor for PRRSV infection [13][14][15]. The exact function of CD163 remains uncertain, but it has been suggested that CD163 cooperates with CD169 in facilitating viral internalization [13][14][15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, research involving genetically modified pigs demonstrated that CD163 is the only essential and sufficient receptor for PRRSV infection [13][14][15]. The exact function of CD163 remains uncertain, but it has been suggested that CD163 cooperates with CD169 in facilitating viral internalization [13][14][15]. A role of CD163 in mediating viral membrane fusion with the target cells and viral uncoating has also been proposed [13][14][15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Role of N-linked glycosylation in porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infection

Rowland,

Brandariz-Nuñez

2024

Journal of General Virology

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Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRSV) is an enveloped single-stranded positive-sense RNA virus and one of the main pathogens that causes the most significant economical losses in the swine-producing countries. PRRSV is currently divided into two distinct species, PRRSV-1 and PRRSV-2. The PRRSV virion envelope is composed of four glycosylated membrane proteins and three non-glycosylated envelope proteins. Previous work has suggested that PRRSV-linked glycans are critical structural components for virus assembly. In addition, it has been proposed that PRRSV glycans are implicated in the interaction with host cells and critical for virus infection. In contrast, recent findings showed that removal of N-glycans from PRRSV does not influence virus infection of permissive cells. Thus, there are not sufficient evidences to indicate compellingly that N-glycans present in the PRRSV envelope play a direct function in viral infection. To gain insights into the role of N-glycosylation in PRRSV infection, we analysed the specific contribution of the envelope protein-linked N-glycans to infection of permissive cells. For this purpose, we used a novel strategy to modify envelope protein-linked N-glycans that consists of production of monoglycosylated PRRSV and viral glycoproteins with different glycan states. Our results showed that removal or alteration of N-glycans from PRRSV affected virus infection. Specifically, we found that complex N-glycans are required for an efficient infection in cell cultures. Furthermore, we found that presence of high mannose type glycans on PRRSV surface is the minimal requirement for a productive viral infection. Our findings also show that PRRSV-1 and PRRSV-2 have different requirements of N-glycan structure for an optimal infection. In addition, we demonstrated that removal of N-glycans from PRRSV does not affect viral attachment, suggesting that these carbohydrates played a major role in regulating viral entry. In agreement with these findings, by performing immunoprecipitation assays and colocalization experiments, we found that N-glycans present in the viral envelope glycoproteins are not required to bind to the essential viral receptor CD163. Finally, we found that the presence of N-glycans in CD163 is not required for PRRSV infection.

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“…Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) was described in 1987 in the USA as a mysterious disease that affects swine, causing clinical signs like fever, weight loss, reproductive failure during late gestation, and respiratory distress [1]. Pigs are the only known hosts of the PRRS virus (PRRSV), characterized by a strict infection tropism for porcine monocytes/macrophages lineages [2]. To date, much knowledge about the disease and its etiological agent has been accumulated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS) and CD163 Resistance Polymorphic Markers: What Is the Scenario in Naturally Infected Pig Livestock in Central Italy?

Torricelli,

Fratto,

Ciullo

et al. 2023

Animals

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Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS) caused by the PRRS virus affects farmed pigs worldwide, causing direct and indirect losses. The most severe manifestations of PRRS infection are observed in piglets and pregnant sows. The clinical outcome of the infection depends on the PRRSV strain’s virulence, the pregnancy state of the female, environmental factors, the presence of protective antibodies due to previous infections, and the host’s genetic susceptibility. The latter aspect was investigated in this study, in particular, evaluating the most significant polymorphisms (SNPs) of the CD163 gene in slaughtered pigs reared in Central Italy. Total RNAs were extracted from 377 swine samples and subjected to RT-PCR targeted to the CD163 gene, followed by sequencing analysis. Contextually, the viral RNA was detected by RT-qPCR in order to phenotypically categorize animals into infected and not infected. In particular, 36 haplotypes were found, and their frequencies ranged from 0.13% to 35.15%. There were 62 resulting genotypes, three of which were associated with a putative resistance to the disease. Both the haplotypes and genotypes were inferred by PHASE v.2.1 software. To the best of our knowledge, this type of investigation was conducted for the first time on pig livestock distributed in different regions of Central Italy. Thus, the obtained findings may be considered very important since they add useful information about swine genetic background in relation to PRRS infection, from the perspective of adopting Marker-Assisted Selection (MAS) as a possible and alternative strategy to control this still widespread disease.

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PRRS virus receptors and an alternative pathway for viral invasion

Cited by 19 publications

References 116 publications

MARCO Inhibits Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Infection through Intensifying Viral GP5-Induced Apoptosis

MARCO Inhibits Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Infection through Intensifying Viral GP5-Induced Apoptosis

Role of N-linked glycosylation in porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infection

Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS) and CD163 Resistance Polymorphic Markers: What Is the Scenario in Naturally Infected Pig Livestock in Central Italy?

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