Prs4 Lifetime Costs and Impact on Life Expectancy of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (Copd) in the U.S.: Projections From a Decision-Analytic Model

Jd, Miller; Marton, JP; Kitch, BT; Neumann, PJ; Cj, Mansfield; Menzin, Joseph

doi:10.1016/s1098-3015(10)64594-9

Cited by 1 publication

(2 citation statements)

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“…226 It also provides insightful explanations about the physical and psychological mechanisms and processes underlying the caused harm. 227 This invaluable information and data are largely ignored by policy makers in the criminal justice arena and are not sufficiently accounted for in order to improve the efficacy of devised solutions. 228 In fact, in this specific field, there is strong evidence to show that there are very effective tools which, if applied correctly, can significantly alleviate the damaging effect of childhood crime exposure.…”

Section: Why Crime?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…225 established association between the Triple-C Impact exposures and illicit substance use, 226 as well as the intuitive link between the hardship caused by exposure to crime and substance abuse, there is less scientific knowledge as to the exact pathways that connect the two. 227 According to the neurobiological approach, disruptions in the early development of a child's central nervous system caused by Triple-C exposure may impede the child's ability to cope with negative or disruptive emotions, leading to problems with emotional and behavioral self-regulation later in life. As a result, "[b]ehaviors such as substance use may manifest as a means to help regulate emotional states."…”

Section: B Substance Abusementioning

confidence: 99%

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The Triple-C Impact: Responding to Childhood Exposure to Crime and Violence

Gilad

2017

SSRN Journal

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FALLING BETWEEN THE CRACKS 909 behavioral problems, repeat victimization, 5 juvenile delinquency, 6 adult criminality , 7 and substance abuse. 8 In 2012, the Attorney General Task Force on Children Exposed to Violence declared the problem as "a national crisis and a threat to the health and well-being of our nation's children and of our country." 9 Others have described it as one of the most costly public health and public safety problems in the United States today. 10 Despite the severity of childhood exposure to crime and violence, and the increased attention given to its various components, thus far there are almost no studies or policy analyses that take an inclusive look at the problem as a whole. Most available studies focus exclusively on one isolated form of exposure. 11 Indirect forms of childhood exposure to crime and their effects are often ignored or narrowly defined. This segmented and compartmentalized approach, which avoids properly defining and "naming" the problem, has prevented us from gaining a true understanding of its full scope, effect, and gravity. It has also hindered our ability to more accurately estimate the full cost of the problem to the state and to our society. Unsurprisingly, the

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Section: Why Crime?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: B Substance Abusementioning

confidence: 99%