Pruning Affects Tree Movement in Hurricane Force Wind

Gilman, Edward; Masters, Forrest J.; Grabosky, Jason

doi:10.48044/jauf.2008.004

Cited by 22 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Our study brings evidence that trunk hollows statistically do not have an adverse effect on tree vitality. Although previous research showed that improper maintenance, like heavy pruning, may result in exposure to fungal infection and a higher risk of failure in mature trees 36 , 37 , 86 , a cavity/hollow presence should not be perceived as a death sentence for the tree. The final decision on tree removal should be deeply considered and supported using SoT analysis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…However, these methods often fail to convince private and governmental decision-makers of low tree failure, especially when trunks have a hollow 16 . Three commonly used advanced technical tests support the tree removal decision process: Resistance recording drill 37 , 61 and sonic tomography (SoT) 57 , 58 are used to evaluate stem rot and a pulling test 59 , 60 to test to analyse the root system and quantitative measurements of tree risk assessment (i.e., target occupancy of the site, the size of a tree or a tree part). However, the decision on tree health is dependent on the assessor’s judgment 25 , 52 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Potential hazard characteristics of trees with hollows, cavities and fruiting bodies growing along pedestrian routes

Suchocka

Heciak

Jankowski

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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This article is a study of risk assessment of trees with hollows, cavities and fruiting bodies for the improvement of the management and protection of urban trees growing along pedestrian routes. 317 trees were examined using TRAQ risk classes, VTA and ISA BMP methodology, Roloff's vitality classification, and sonic tomography (SoT) during the spring and summer of 2021. The collected data was analysed using the Kruskal–Wallis H-test, the Dunn multiple comparison test, the pairwise comparison of proportions with Holm correction, the U-Manna-Whitney test, and the Fisher exact test. The analysed trees grow alongside public footpaths and footways in central Zakopane, Poland. The study results indicate that tree trunk hollows are judged to have no adverse effects on a tree’s vitality when assessed using visual methods and are deemed to have a limited effect on vitality estimated with SoT. Though most high and moderate-risk trees, according to SoT (88% and 80%, respectively), had hollows, such trees were a small fraction of all 171 trees with hollows, cavities and/or fruiting bodies, 2.3% and 8.8%, respectively. Therefore, the decision to remove a tree should be based on advice from a professional arborist, supported by sonic tomography (SoT) or similar objective methods.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential hazard characteristics of trees with hollows, cavities and fruiting bodies growing along pedestrian routes

Suchocka

Heciak

Jankowski

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Besides the species selection in urban planning, our results also provided instructions for tree pruning. Tree pruning is one of the important activities in maintaining the decorative feature as well as the stability 49 . As we mentioned above, in order to enhance the resistance to winds, controlling the total height, reducing the windward side projection area, thinning the branches and leaves inner crowns are profitable.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, Dunham and Cameron 10 hold a different idea, and they found trees with larger crown width are less damaged by wind. There are also the controversies on the effects of crown length on wind vulnerability 11 , 12 . However, as discussed by Päätalo et al 13 , the comparison of the wind resistance between Norway spruce and Scot pine was embarrassing, as Norway spruce has a pair of contrasted wind resistant features- longer crown length and wider crown width, which implies the evaluation on wind resistance should take factors synthetically rather than individually.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crown feature effect evaluation on wind load for evergreen species based on laser scanning and wind tunnel experiments

Lai

Xiao

Feng

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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The wind load a tree withstood is mainly applied to its crown, whose morphology and structure directly affect the degree of wind load given a certain wind condition. Though the features of tree crown are relatively easy to measure, however, among them which is/are the determining factor and how they contribute to wind load remain unknown. In order to figure out how crown features of different tree species influence the wind load, the wind tunnel experiment was performed for 7 most used urban greening tree species, and laser scanning was used to measure the accurate crown features. The results derived by multiple linear model showed (1) Ficus concinna, Dracontomelon duperreanum, Ormosia pinnata and Bischofia javanica are recommended in urban greening for suffering the smaller wind load under the same conditions, whereas Schefflera macrostachya, Acacia confusa and Khaya senegalensis are inadequate towards the view of crown features; (2) crown features like crown horizontal ratio, windward side projection and porosity ratio are important in estimating wind load. Our study demonstrated that evaluating the wind load via crown features is feasible, and provided valuable suggestion for selecting idealized decorative trees in urban environment with a smaller wind load due to the crown features.

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“…Yet in both urban and rural forests, tree damage patterns can be highly variable (Franklin et al, 2004;Landry et al, 2021). Tree resistance to tropical cyclone wind damage has been examined through observational studies of damage to rural and urban forests (Saito, 2002;Wiersma et al, 2012) and experimental work examining the biomechanical properties of trees in the context of high winds (Gilman et al, 2008). Many biotic and abiotic factors influence the resistance of individual trees to damage by severe winds within rural forests and tree plantations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predictors of tropical cyclone-induced urban tree failure: an international scoping review

Salisbury¹,

Koeser²,

Andreu³

et al. 2023

Front. For. Glob. Change

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BackgroundTrees are critical components of rural and urban ecosystems throughout the world. While they have adapted to the historic conditions of their native environments, climate change, urbanization, and human-assisted range expansion may test the storm resiliency of many tree species.ObjectiveIn this global multilingual scoping review, we investigate a range of intrinsic (i.e., tree characteristics) and external (i.e., environmental and management) factors which have been used to predict tree failure during tropical cyclones.DesignWe searched online databases and journals in English, Chinese, French, Japanese, Portuguese, and Spanish to find peer-reviewed papers and dissertations. We retained papers that used ground-based methods to study tree damage following a tropical cyclone and conducted a statistical analysis of factors that influence tree resistance to damage. From each paper we extracted details of study methods, and the relationships between damage and predictors.ResultsOur efforts generated 65 peer-reviewed papers and dissertations that met our final criteria for inclusion (i.e., data on the relative proportion of trees failed/intact as assessed no more than a year after the storm event). Of these papers 37 independent variables were assessed to predict tree failure. Research in both urban and rural settings tends to be concentrated in regions frequently impacted by tropical cyclones. Characteristics of species such as wood density have been studied in rural environments and are also relevant predictors for tree failure in urban trees. Environmental characteristics unique to urban settings such as planting areas surrounded by pavement need further research. Several urban studies demonstrate that risk assessment methods can predict tree failure during a storm.ConclusionResults can be used by future storm researchers to identify both predictors may warrant inclusion in their models as well as predictors which have yet to be tested. Results can also inform planning and activities that can mitigate tropical cyclone damage to the urban forest.

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Pruning Affects Tree Movement in Hurricane Force Wind

Cited by 22 publications

References 20 publications

Potential hazard characteristics of trees with hollows, cavities and fruiting bodies growing along pedestrian routes

Potential hazard characteristics of trees with hollows, cavities and fruiting bodies growing along pedestrian routes

Crown feature effect evaluation on wind load for evergreen species based on laser scanning and wind tunnel experiments

Predictors of tropical cyclone-induced urban tree failure: an international scoping review

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