Pruritus in Hiv-Infected Patients:

Majors, Michael J.; Cockerell, Clay J.; Cruz, Ponciano D.

doi:10.1016/s0889-8561(05)70304-0

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…During the period 2008 to 2009, issues associated with the MeCN supply position were raised as a major concern within the pharmaceutical industry. With a limited demand for acrylonitrile as a result of the world economic downturn, 8…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Importance of Acetonitrile in the Pharmaceutical Industry and Opportunities for its Recovery from Waste

McConvey¹,

Woods²,

Lewis³

et al. 2012

Org. Process Res. Dev.

119

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Acetonitrile is regarded as a key solvent in the pharmaceutical industry. However, the volatility in acetonitrile supply in recent years, coupled with its relatively poor environmental profile, has presented significant challenges to its use in manufacturing processes and laboratories. This study investigates the importance of acetonitrile in the pharmaceutical industry and critically examines several options for reducing the exposure of the industry to future supply problems whilst also improving its life cycle management. The physicochemical properties of acetonitrile were compared with other typical process solvents and the Conductor-like Screening Model (COSMO) surfaces and sigma profiles were used to help explain the favourable solvation behaviour of acetonitrile. Several options for the replacement or recovery and recycle of acetonitrile were critically examined in the contexts of environmental, technical and economic feasibility. Azeotropic distillation was found to be the most likely approach to recovering acetonitrile from aqueous waste streams. Several potential breaking agents were assessed against a range of selection rules based on residue curve maps, determined using the Universal Functional Activity Coefficient (UNIFAC) method, and potential processing issues. A range of ionic liquids were screened via the predictive Conductor-like Screening Model for Realistic Solvation (COSMO-RS) approach and several promising candidates were identified. Experimental vapour-liquid equilibria studies were carried out, confirming the feasibility of ionic liquid-enhanced azeotropic distillation as a novel approach to acetonitrile recovery.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Importance of Acetonitrile in the Pharmaceutical Industry and Opportunities for its Recovery from Waste

McConvey¹,

Woods²,

Lewis³

et al. 2012

Org. Process Res. Dev.

119

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“…A small guard column may be appended to the column such that the sample enters the guard column prior to its attachment on the column. 64 The guard column is intended to prevent column exposure to any contaminants that may bind irreversibly. The analytes in solution will adsorb onto the stationary phase based on their affinity.…”

Section: High-performance Liquid Chromatography (Hplc)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Method Development for Quantification of Vitamins in Spinach using HPLC-MS/MS2

Thomas¹

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Vitamin consumption is essential to human health as they are not synthesized in the body, meaning they must be obtained from external sources, such as vegetables.The vitamin content of each vegetable varies, and previous efforts to quantify vitamins have predominantly been focused on UV detection methods. The aim of this study was to design an efficient and robust method to extract 10 vitamins of interest, and subsequently quantify them using HPLC-MS 2 . These vitamins included:phylloquinone, retinol, thiamine, pantothenic acid, niacin, choline, and folic acid. Further studies were performed to compare varying levels of pesticide exposure, and to analyze concentration of vitamins over time. Ultimately the vitamin content remained relatively constant over time despite matrix degradation, with the exception of the statistically significant increase of phylloquinone.Further studies were performed with organic spinach to compare varying levels of pesticide exposure and it was found that the concentration of vitamins was not significantly affected by pesticides. However, concentrations of β-carotene and choline were an anomaly as they were observed to increase with statistical significance in organic spinach samples.

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