Prussian‐Blue Analogue‐Derived Hollow Structured Co₃S₄/CuS₂/NiS₂ Nanocubes as an Advanced Battery‐Type Electrode Material for High‐Performance Hybrid Supercapacitors

Abstract

much attention because of their advantages of quick charge/discharge property, superior power density, and long-lasting and eco-friendly feature. [3,4] However, active materials which consist of inherent synergistic properties should be chosen to improve the capacity performance in the SCs. Typically, the active materials (Faradaic redox nature) are constructed with transition metal oxides/hydroxides and chalcogenides. [5] The fabricated electrodes with transition metal oxides/hydroxides show great redox properties and possess high theoretical capacitance values, but these electrodes often reveal low rate performance and poor cycling capability. [6] Hence, it urges engineer to develop innovative composite materials which can offer synergistic characteristics and enriched electrochemical properties. This is more favorable for the development of highperformance SCs. [7,8] Recently, transition metal compositions (Ni, Fe, Cu, Mn, Co, etc.) consisting of sulfides, [9] selenides, [10] and phosphides [11] exhibit excellent electrochemical properties. These materials are promising substitutes to typical hydroxides/oxides owing to the plenty of active channels, robust structural capability, and better electrical conductivity. The energy storage capability of SCs is mainly influenced by the material composition of electrodes. Based on the previously published literature, the SCs with multi-metal chalcogenides show higher charge storage performance compared to single metal chalcogenides. Moreover, it is highly important to mention that the compositional metal chalcogenides allow inherent electrochemical sites and enriched redox properties due to various metal ion species during electrochemical analysis. These features are more favorable to improve electrochemical performance and cycling lifetime. [12][13][14] Especially, the substitute of hydroxide/oxides with sulfur provides flexibility to material structures owing to its low electronegativity property. Consequently, morphological structures of materials alleviate changes occurring in its morphology during the electrochemical analysis. [9,15] Therefore, evolving the combined metal chalcogenide electrodes with advanced characteristics such as good conductivity andThe ORCID identification number(s) for the author(s) of this article can be found under https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202105185.

Prussian blue and its analogues as functional template materials: control of derived structure compositions and morphologies

“…84,105 Sometimes, due to different precursors (sulfur, selenium, or NaH 2 PO 2 powder) and different growth mechanisms of the derivative crystals, the same structure evolves into different morphologies. 19,89 Heat-treatment parameters can also affect the design. It has been shown that treating PBA particles under the same atmosphere but with different temperatures can result in different oxide morphologies.…”

“…8–10 Calcination methods produce oxides, 11–13 while annealing generates carbides, 14,15 alloys, 16,17 or metal nanoparticles with different compositions. 18–22 Pre-treatments can regulate the morphology of the derivatives or introduce heteroatoms. 22–24…”

“…[8][9][10] Calcination methods produce oxides, [11][12][13] while annealing generates carbides, 14,15 alloys, 16,17 or metal nanoparticles with different compositions. [18][19][20][21][22] Pre-treatments can regulate the morphology of the derivatives or introduce heteroatoms. [22][23][24] Nevertheless, fast and simultaneous reports within the past few years have led to many PBA derivative (hereaer referred to as PBDs) compositions and morphologies with little control over the product, where even different derivatives are obtained under similar processing conditions.…”

The Hierarchical Structures of Co3S4 Hollow Nanotube Arrays Wrapped with NiCo‐Layered Double Hydroxide Nanosheets for High‐Performance Asymmetric Supercapacitors

“…It can be observed that the capacity augments slowly during the first 1000 initial cycles, indicating initial activation and infiltration of the electrolyte into the electrode. [ 45 ] Meanwhile, the coulombic efficiency of Co 3 S 4 @NiCo‐LDH/NF maintains almost 100% in the period of 5000 cycles, proving the miraculous reversibility. Compared with the electrochemical capabilities of the TMSs‐ and LDH‐related research results reported recently (Table S2, Supporting Information), the Co 3 S 4 @NiCo‐LDH/NF electrode emerges a great advantage in achieving high capacity and excellent stability.…”

Ni–Fe nanoframesviaa unique structural formation induced by sonochemical etching

“…4,11 Recently, intricate structures such as hollow nanocubes and nanoframes (NFs) composed of transition metals (e.g., Ni, Fe, Co, Mn) have attracted great interest as promising materials for realizing new properties. 4,12,13 In our study, Ni-Fe PBA nanocubes (Ni-Fe NCs) are converted to Ni-Fe PBA nanoframes (Ni-Fe NFs) via a sonochemical etching process with hydrochloric acid solution. Benefiting from their unique structural merits including a three-dimensional (3D) open structure and high surface area, the resulting Ni-Fe NFs exhibit enhanced electrochemical properties.…”