PSA, PCA3 and the<i>phi</i>losophy of prostate cancer management

Melichar, Bohuslav

doi:10.1515/cclm-2013-0156

Cited by 10 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…New biomarkers have been described during recent years for the management of early prostate cancer (PCa), among them the Prostate Health Index, PCA3 score and the four-kallikrein panel [1][2][3]. Emerging biomarkers should improve the specificity of prostate specific antigen (PSA) in the detection of PCa, showing a relationship with the aggressiveness of the tumor.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

miRNAs as novel biomarkers in the management of prostate cancer

Filella

Foj

2017

Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM)

100

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microRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that control gene expression posttranscriptionally and are part of the giant non codifying genoma. Cumulating data suggest that miRNAs are promising potential biomarkers for many diseases, including cancer. Prostate cancer (PCa) detection is currently based in the serum prostate-specific antigen biomarker and digital rectal examination. However, these methods are limited by a low predictive value and the adverse consequences associated with overdiagnosis and overtreatment. New biomarkers that could be used for PCa detection and prognosis are still needed. Recent studies have demonstrated that aberrant expressions of microRNAs are associated with the underlying mechanisms of PCa. This review attempts to extensively summarize the current knowledge of miRNA expression patterns, as well as their targets and involvement in PCa pathogenesis. We focused our review in the value of circulating and urine miRNAs as biomarkers in PCa patients, highlighting the existing discrepancies between different studies, probably associated with the important methodological issues related to their quantitation and normalization. The majority of studies have been performed in serum or plasma, but urine obtained after prostate massage appears as a new way to explore the usefulness of miRNAs. Large screening studies to select a miRNA profile have been completed, but bioinformatics tools appear as a new approach to select miRNAs that are relevant in PCa development.Promising preliminary results were published concerning miR-141, miR-375 and miR-21, but larger and prospective studies using standardized methodology are necessary to define the value of miRNAs in the detection and prognosis of PCa.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

miRNAs as novel biomarkers in the management of prostate cancer

Filella

Foj

2017

Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM)

100

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“…New biomarkers of PCa have been described during recent years with the aim of increasing the diagnostic specificity and differentiating between aggressive cancers and clinically insignificant cancers [5,6]. This review covers the recent developments in this area and remarks the most promising biomarkers in the management of patients with PCa.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging biomarkers in the detection and prognosis of prostate cancer

Filella

Foj

2015

Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM)

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Abstract:The prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is currently the most used tumor marker in the early detection of the prostate cancer (PCa), despite its low specificity and low negative predictive value. New biomarkers, including urine prostate cancer gene 3 (PCA3) score, Prostate Health Index (PHI), and the four-kallikrein panel, have been investigated during recent years especially with the aim of detecting aggressive PCa. Results suggest the ability of these biomarkers to improve the specificity of PSA in the detection of PCa, although there are not enough results directly comparing these biomarkers to know their complementarity. The relationship with PCa aggressiveness seems to be confirmed for PHI and for the four-kallikrein panel, but not for PCA3 score. However, available results suggest that emerging biomarkers may be useful as part of a multivariable approach for the screening and prognosis of PCa. Nevertheless, larger prospective studies comparing these biomarkers are necessary to evaluate definitely their value in the management of early PCa.

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“…Currently available clinical diagnostic methods for prostate cancer include biochemical assay, [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] biopsy, [21][22][23][24][25][26][27] digital rectal examination (DRE), [28][29][30][31][32] and transrectal ultrasonography [33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49] as described in Figure 2. Among these methods, the biochemical assay is used for initial screening.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The biochemical assay measures serum -a term meaning the processed medium from whole blood -prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level where a concentration 4 ng/mL is considered to indicate a risk of prostate cancer. [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] Since approval by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) 25 years ago, it has been used as the gold standard for the initial screening of the disease.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnosis of prostate cancer via nanotechnological approach

Kang

Jeun

Jang

et al. 2015

IJN

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Prostate cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths among the Caucasian adult males in Europe and the USA. Currently available diagnostic strategies for patients with prostate cancer are invasive and unpleasant and have poor accuracy. Many patients have been overly or underly treated resulting in a controversy regarding the reliability of current conventional diagnostic approaches. This review discusses the state-of-the-art research in the development of novel noninvasive prostate cancer diagnostics using nanotechnology coupled with suggested diagnostic strategies for their clinical implication.

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PSA, PCA3 and thephilosophy of prostate cancer management

Cited by 10 publications

References 45 publications

miRNAs as novel biomarkers in the management of prostate cancer

miRNAs as novel biomarkers in the management of prostate cancer

Emerging biomarkers in the detection and prognosis of prostate cancer

Diagnosis of prostate cancer via nanotechnological approach

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