Pseudo-nitzschia bloom dynamics in the Gulf of Maine: 2012–2016

Clark, Suzanna; Hubbard, Katherine A.; Anderson, Donald M.; McGillicuddy, Dennis J.; Ralston, David K.; Townsend, David W.

doi:10.1016/j.hal.2019.101656

Cited by 46 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…In observations from the 2016 DA event, neither cell concentrations nor relative species abundance correlated with various environmental parameters (temperature, salinity, nitrate, ammonium, silicic acid, phosphate, or nutrient ratios). In addition, except for salinity, environmental parameters were not significantly different in 2016 compared to previous years (2012-2015) (Clark et al, 2019). Salinity was significantly higher in 2016 compared to the four previous years (0.4-1.5 PSU greater), but the salinity difference was not enough to result in improved growth conditions based on the literature for P. australis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 66%

“…This thesis is divided into three parts. The first part is a five-year, historical, observational study about Pseudo-nitzschia dynamics in the GOM from 2012 to 2016 (published in Harmful Algae, Clark et al, 2019). It explores factors driving Pseudo-nitzschia species composition and DA-producing Pseudo-nitzschia blooms, and is focused on the event scale and nearshore processes in the eastern GOM.…”

Section: Thesis Outlinementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 2016 in the Gulf of Maine (GOM), DA concentrations exceeded the regulatory limit of 20 "K DA K BC of shellfish tissue, leading to the first regional DA-induced shellfishery closures (Bates et al, 2018;Clark et al, 2019;Hubbard et al, 2017;Lewis et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The bloom began in the Bay of Fundy in late September, 2016, and progressed along the coast of Maine, continuing into the second week of October. Fourteen Pseudo-nitzschia species had been identified in the region prior to the DA event (Fernandes et al, 2014), but the record DA concentrations were caused primarily by the novel appearance of P. australis (Clark et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pseudo-nitzschia in the Gulf of Maine: investigating bloom dynamics, species introduction, and climate change implications with observations and models

Clark¹

2021

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The apparent global increase in harmful algal blooms (HABs) includes Pseudo-nitzschia blooms in the Gulf of Maine, where shellfishery closures can cost millions of dollars. Temperatures in the gulf are warming, which can affect the severity of some HABs. Yet Pseudo-nitzschia in the region are understudied. Pseudo-nitzschia bloom dynamics, P. australis introduction, and potential future changes thereof were investigated in the Gulf of Maine. Data from ship surveys and moorings were used, as well as hydrodynamic, climate, and Lagrangian particle tracking models. Pseudonitzschia bloom toxicity was driven primarily by species composition, not environmental factors. P. australis was introduced to the region in 2016 via a coastal current from the Scotian Shelf. Climate change might intensify Pseudo-nitzschia blooms, shift bloom timing 1-2 weeks earlier in the spring or 4-6 weeks later in the fall, or lengthen the growing season by 3 weeks. It might also affect species composition and connectivity within the gulf. This work has implications for the monitoring of current and future blooms in the Gulf of Maine and for our understanding of HAB introduction to the region. It can also be used to develop predictive models for Pseudo-nitzschia, which could be applied to other HABs.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Section: Thesis Outlinementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pseudo-nitzschia in the Gulf of Maine: investigating bloom dynamics, species introduction, and climate change implications with observations and models

Clark¹

2021

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“…One such toxin, domoic acid (DomA), is produced primarily by algae in the genus Pseudo-nitzschia. Increasing blooms of toxic Pseudo-nitzschia species, resulting in part from changing climatic conditions, have been documented in recent years on both the west and east coasts of the United States, where they have led to shellfish harvest closures (Bates et al, 2018;Clark et al, 2019;McKibben et al, 2017) DomA is a structural analog of glutamate, and is known to exert its toxicity by binding and activating ionotrophic glutamate receptors (Cendes et al, 1995;Hampson and Manalo, 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developmental exposure to domoic acid disrupts startle response behavior and circuitry

Panlilio

Jones

Salanga

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Harmful algal blooms produce potent neurotoxins that accumulate in seafood and are hazardous to human health. Developmental exposure to the harmful algal bloom toxin, domoic acid (DomA), has behavioral consequences well into adulthood, but the cellular and molecular mechanisms are largely unknown. To assess these, we exposed zebrafish embryos to DomA during the previously identified window of susceptibility (2 days post-fertilization) and used the well-known startle response circuit as a tool to identify specific neuronal components that are targeted by exposure to DomA. Exposure to DomA reduced the probability of eliciting a startle after auditory/vibrational or electrical stimuli and led to the dramatic reduction of one type of startle, short latency c-start (SLC) responses. Furthermore, DomA-exposed larvae had altered kinematics of both SLC and long latency c-start (LLC) startle responses, exhibiting shallower bend angles and slower maximal angular velocities. Using vital dye staining, immunolabelling, and live imaging of transgenic lines, we determined that while the sensory inputs were intact, the reticulospinal neurons required for SLC responses were absent in most DomA-exposed larvae. Furthermore, axon tracing revealed that DomA-treated larvae also showed significantly reduced primary motor neuron axon collaterals. Overall, these results show that developmental exposure to DomA leads to startle deficits by targeting specific subsets of neurons. These findings provide mechanistic insights into the neurodevelopmental effects of excess glutamatergic signaling caused by exposure to DomA. It further provides a model for using the startle response circuit to identify neuronal populations targeted by toxin or toxicant exposures.Summary statementWe used the zebrafish startle response as a tool to identify sensory-motor deficits and the loss of specific neural populations after developmental exposure to the harmful algal bloom toxin domoic acid.GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

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Emerging harmful algal blooms caused by distinct seasonal assemblages of a toxic diatom

Sterling

Kirk

Bertin

et al. 2022

Limnology & Oceanography

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Diatoms in the Pseudo‐nitzschia genus produce the neurotoxin domoic acid. Domoic acid bioaccumulates in shellfish, causing illness in humans and marine animals upon ingestion. In 2017, high domoic acid levels in shellfish meat closed shellfish harvest in Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island for the first and only time in history, although abundant Pseudo‐nitzschia have been observed for over 60 years. To investigate whether an environmental factor altered endemic Pseudo‐nitzschia physiology or new domoic acid‐producing strain(s) were introduced to Narragansett Bay, we conducted weekly sampling from 2017 to 2019 and compared closure samples. Plankton‐associated domoic acid was quantified by LC‐MS/MS and Pseudo‐nitzschia spp. were identified using a taxonomically improved high‐throughput rDNA sequencing approach. Comparison with environmental data revealed a detailed understanding of domoic acid dynamics and seasonal multi‐species assemblages. Plankton‐associated domoic acid was low throughout 2017–2019, but recurred in fall and early summer maxima. Fall domoic acid maxima contained known toxic species as well as a novel Pseudo‐nitzschia genotype. Summer domoic acid maxima included fewer species but also known toxin producers. Most 2017 closure samples contained the particularly concerning toxic species, P. australis, which also appeared infrequently during 2017–2019. Recurring Pseudo‐nitzschia assemblages were driven by seasonal temperature changes, and plankton‐associated domoic acid correlated with low dissolved inorganic nitrogen. Thus, the Narragansett Bay closures were likely caused by both resident assemblages that become toxic depending on nutrient status as well as the episodic introductions of toxic species from oceanographic and climatic shifts.

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Pseudo-nitzschia bloom dynamics in the Gulf of Maine: 2012–2016

Cited by 46 publications

References 59 publications

Pseudo-nitzschia in the Gulf of Maine: investigating bloom dynamics, species introduction, and climate change implications with observations and models

Pseudo-nitzschia in the Gulf of Maine: investigating bloom dynamics, species introduction, and climate change implications with observations and models

Developmental exposure to domoic acid disrupts startle response behavior and circuitry

Emerging harmful algal blooms caused by distinct seasonal assemblages of a toxic diatom

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