Pseudo-reference Electrodes

Inzelt, György

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-36188-3_14

Cited by 103 publications

(133 citation statements)

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“…The prerequisite for a RE is its stability in the electrolyte. Common RE such as Hg 2 Cl 2 (saturated calomel) or Ag/AgCl electrodes have a stable potential over time (Inzelt et al, 2013). However, it is also possible to use a pure metal (i.e., the existing Pt electrode) as a "pseudoelectrode" reference, as has been shown by both Ives & Janz (1961) and Kasem (2008).…”

Section: In Situ Electrode Validationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Practical Aspects of Electrochemical Corrosion Measurements During In Situ Analytical Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) of Austenitic Stainless Steel in Aqueous Media

et al. 2017

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The capability to perform liquid in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) experiments provides an unprecedented opportunity to examine the real-time processes of physical and chemical/ electrochemical reactions during the interaction between metal surfaces and liquid environments. This work describes the requisite steps to make the technique fully analytical, from sample preparation, through modifications of the electrodes, characterization of electrolytes, and finally to electrochemical corrosion experiments comparing in situ TEM to conventional bulk cell and microcell configurations.

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Section: In Situ Electrode Validationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Practical Aspects of Electrochemical Corrosion Measurements During In Situ Analytical Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) of Austenitic Stainless Steel in Aqueous Media

et al. 2017

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“…Electrochemical cells with current flow can operate either as galvanic cells, in which chemical reactions proceed spontaneously and chemical energy is converted into electrical energy, or they are operated as electrolytic cells (also called electrolysis cells), in which electrical energy is converted into chemical energy. In both cases part of the energy becomes converted into (positive or negative) heat [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] (Figs. 1, 2).…”

Section: Definition Of An Electrochemical Cellmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because electrochemical cell reactions belong to the latter category, it is useful to consider the general case. The Gibbs energy of the (cell) reaction [1][2][3][4] can be expressed as…”

Section: The Reaction Occurring In Electrochemical Cells: the Cell Rementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Now we have the relationship between the potential of the cell reaction (E cell ) and the composition of the chemical system, and introduced the standard potential of the cell reaction (E À cell ) [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][9][10][11]. Fig.…”

Section: Og Onmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are currently two usages for the term electrode, namely either (i) the electron conductor connected to the external leads or (ii) the half-cell between one electron conductor and at least one ionic conductor [1,2,4,5,15]. The latter version has usually been favored in electrochemistry.…”

Section: Definition Of Electrodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Crossing the bridge between thermodynamics and electrochemistry. From the potential of the cell reaction to the electrode potential

Inzelt

2014

ChemTexts

Self Cite

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Thermodynamics plays a similar role in physical chemistry like mathematics in science, however, the inherent link between thermodynamics and electrochemistry is not entirely obvious. Less attention is paid to such physical quantities as pressure, volume, enthalpy, chemical potential etc. in electrochemistry; on the other hand new quantities (charge, current, electric potential etc.) and terms (galvanic cell. electrode, ion etc.) appear. It is the main goal of this lecture to present a systematic thermodynamical treatment regarding the electrochemical cells; and to give the definitions accepted presently for physical quantities, e.g., potential of the cell reaction, electrode potential, electrochemical potential as well as terms such as electrode.

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Ultrathin Polyoxometalate Coating as the Redox Shuttle for Acid‐Free Electrochromic Polymer Capacitive Windows

Wang

Kim

et al. 2019

Adv Funct Materials

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Polyoxometalate is explored as a redox shuttle for non‐electrochromic charge‐balancing material of the conjugated polymer (CP)‐based electrochromic window (ECW). H3PW12O40 is electrochemically deposited on a TiO2 nanoparticle film that is coated on a fluorine doped tin oxide glass. The content of PW12 is increased as the TiO2 film is thicker. The PW12‐coated TiO2 film (PWTNF) is applied as a counter electrode (CE) of a CP‐based ECW in an ionic liquid electrolyte, to increase the potential distribution at the CP‐coated working electrode, thereby decreasing the operation voltage of the ECW. This could be ascribed to the function of PW12 as an electron acceptor and redox shuttle that allows effective charge transport from/to the CE and nearby TiO2 nanoparticles. For the optimized ECW with PWTNF as a CE, the maximum optical contrast is obtained at the applied voltage of 1.5 to −2.0 V (68%), along with long cyclability (2500 cycles), bistability (> 2.35 h) and UV stability (> 60 h). The ECW with PWTNF exhibits reproducible capacitive properties, along with high figure of merit for color change with a high power output, in acid‐free electrolyte for the first time.

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Pseudo-reference Electrodes

Cited by 103 publications

References 2 publications

Practical Aspects of Electrochemical Corrosion Measurements During In Situ Analytical Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) of Austenitic Stainless Steel in Aqueous Media

Practical Aspects of Electrochemical Corrosion Measurements During In Situ Analytical Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) of Austenitic Stainless Steel in Aqueous Media

Crossing the bridge between thermodynamics and electrochemistry. From the potential of the cell reaction to the electrode potential

Ultrathin Polyoxometalate Coating as the Redox Shuttle for Acid‐Free Electrochromic Polymer Capacitive Windows

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