Pseudohallucinations versus hallucinations: wherein lies the difference?

Wearne, Deborah; Genetti, Amanda

doi:10.1177/1039856215586150

Cited by 15 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Wearne and Genetti’s recent paper 1 replicates an earlier one by Jessop, Scott and Nurcombe 2 in adolescents, suggesting the auditory perceptual disturbances of PTSD can be indistinguishable from those of schizophrenia. I suspect many of us believe we can intuitively tell the difference and it is good to be reminded we may be wrong.…”

supporting

confidence: 56%

Hallucinations not psychotic?

Dignam¹

2016

Australas Psychiatry

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supporting

confidence: 56%

Hallucinations not psychotic?

Dignam¹

2016

Australas Psychiatry

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“…One possibility is that auditory pseudohallucinations are not a feature, specifically, of PTSD populations who have experienced repeated sexual or physical interpersonal trauma. However, given the previous literature linking such trauma exposure to higher levels of dissociation ( Briere, 2006 ) and to the experience of auditory pseudohallucinations in individuals with and without psychosis ( Hammersley & Fox, 2006 ; McCarthy-Jones, 2011 ; Read, van Os, Morrison, & Ross, 2015 ; Wearne & Genetti, 2015 ), one would have predicted a priori a higher prevalence of AVHs in the present sample relative to a heterogeneous community sample of the kind evaluated by Brewin and Patel (2010) . Another possibility is although auditory pseudohallucinations have been conceptualised in the literature as a distinct psychological symptom, they should instead be considered as an artefact of recurrent intrusive memories and the auditory re-experiencing of traumatic events.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Prevalence of auditory pseudohallucinations in adult survivors of physical and sexual trauma with chronic post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

Clifford

Dalgleish

Hitchcock

2018

Behaviour Research and Therapy

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Auditory Verbal Hallucinations (AVHs) are commonly associated with psychosis but are also reported in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Hearing voices after the experience of stress has been conceptualised as a dissociative experience. Brewin and Patel’s (2010) seminal study reported that hearing voices is relatively common in PTSD, as hearing voices was associated with PTSD in half and two thirds of military veterans and survivors of civilian trauma, respectively. The authors conceptualised these voices as “auditory pseudohallucinations.” To build upon this work, we administered Brewin and Patel's’ interview to adult survivors (n = 40) of physical and sexual trauma with chronic PTSD, and healthy controls (n = 39). In contrast to previous findings, only 5% (n = 2) of our PTSD sample reported recently hearing a voice that was consistent with an auditory pseudohallucination, with no reports in our control group. Thus, no support was provided for auditory pseudohallucinations as a significant symptom in this population.

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“…Methodological concerns aside, AVH are known to occur in multiple disorders, including post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) , borderline personality disorder (BPD), and temporal lobe epilepsy and have even been reported in non‐treatment‐seeking populations . How to distinguish hallucinations that confer risk for psychosis from those that do not?…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…How to distinguish hallucinations that confer risk for psychosis from those that do not? Given evidence that basic phenomenology , neural systems , and computational and perceptual underpinnings of hallucinations may be shared among those with hallucinations with and without a need for care, or between hallucinations and experiences deemed “pseudohallucinations” , the question of which further factors predispose to distress and dysfunction remains a critical one.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does hallucination perceptual modality impact psychosis risk?

Niles

Walsh

Woods

et al. 2019

Acta Psychiatr Scand

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Woods SW, Powers AR III. Does hallucination perceptual modality impact psychosis risk?.Objective: Subthreshold perceptual abnormalities are commonly used to identify individuals at clinical high risk (CHR) for developing a psychotic disorder. Predictive validity for modality-specific perceptual abnormality severity on psychosis risk is unknown. Methods: We examined prospectively collected data from 164 individuals age 12-35 meeting criteria for CHR followed for 6-24 months or until conversion to psychosis. Using intake interview notes, baseline perceptual abnormality scores were split into auditory, visual, somatic/tactile, and olfactory/gustatory components, and auditory scores were further split into those for verbal vs non-verbal content. Relationships between perceptual abnormality characteristics and conversion were assessed with Cox proportional hazards regression and logistic regression. Results: Unusual thought content and paranoia were predictive of conversion, but no modality-specific perceptual abnormality score predicted conversion status or days to conversion. However, when auditory perceptual abnormalities were further categorized as verbal vs non-verbal, the severity of verbal experiences was predictive of conversion to psychosis (P = 0.007). Conclusions: Perceptual abnormality scores failed to meaningfully predict conversion to psychosis in either direction in this CHR sample. However, verbal auditory experiences may identify a group of CHR individuals at elevated risk of conversion. Further exploration of the relationship between phenomenological aspects of perceptual abnormalities and conversion risk is warranted. Significant outcomes• Subclinical hallucinations and perceptual abnormalities do not predict risk of conversion among CHR populations.• Verbal auditory experiences may be uniquely associated with greater risk of conversion to psychotic disorders. Limitations• As a retrospective study, severity scores for individual perceptual modalities were not recorded prospectively, but were generated per protocol from original study interview notes as a secondary analysis. Rater knowledge of conversion status was minimized prior to rescoring, but the possibility remains for slight bias owing to this methodology.• Research within the CHR population is often limited by poor retention rates, and this study was no exception. 26.5% of the 223 participants meeting criteria at baseline were lost to follow-up within 6 months.

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Pseudohallucinations versus hallucinations: wherein lies the difference?

Abstract: Researchers have started to describe pseudohallucinations along a continuum. We build on this dimensional approach and suggest a collaborative nomenclature for subtyping.

Cited by 15 publications

References 15 publications

Hallucinations not psychotic?

Hallucinations not psychotic?

Prevalence of auditory pseudohallucinations in adult survivors of physical and sexual trauma with chronic post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

Does hallucination perceptual modality impact psychosis risk?

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