Pseudomonas folliculitis acquired from a health spa whirlpool

Sausker, William F.

doi:10.1001/jama.239.22.2362

JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association

1978

DOI: 10.1001/jama.239.22.2362

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Pseudomonas folliculitis acquired from a health spa whirlpool

William F. Sausker¹

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Cited by 61 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…P. aeruginosa also causes diseases in plants (4) and animals (54). Numerous cases of folliculitis, dermatitis, and ear and urinary tract infections due to P. aeruginosa acquired by bathing in contaminated recreational water have been reported (7,16,37,45). This bacterium is highly adaptable (48) and has diverse phenotypic characteristics, being able to utilize a wide range of organic and inorganic compounds (11,53).…”

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Culturability and Survival of Marine, Freshwater and Clinical Pseudomonas aeruginosa

et al. 2010

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Genetic typing of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from the open ocean has revealed that marine strains form unique clusters. To clarify whether this genetic variation reflects differences in pattern of culturability and survival, a marine strain was compared with a freshwater strain and a clinical strain in microcosms with different levels of NaCl (0 to 7% [w/v]), pH (4.0 to 9.0) and temperature (−20, 0, 4, 25 and 37°C) in both artificial seawater (ASW) and distilled water (DW). The viable but non-culturable (VBNC) state of P. aeruginosa was also monitored. The marine strain 1200 grew better at high NaCl and pH, whereas the freshwater strain 1030 did better at 0 to 3% NaCl and a pH of less than 7.0. The clinical strain 1564 grew best at neutral pH and 0% NaCl. No significant differences were observed among the strains in culturability at different temperatures. Like other bacteria, P. aeruginosa enters a VBNC state under stressful conditions. The marine P. aeruginosa isolate exhibits a unique pattern of culturability and survival which demonstrates a physiological adaptation to the ocean environment.

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Culturability and Survival of Marine, Freshwater and Clinical Pseudomonas aeruginosa

et al. 2010

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“…a marine organism but can be recovered from seawater near outfalls and polluted river outlets (22). Numerous cases of folliculitis, dermatitis, and ear and urinary tract infections due to P. aeruginosa acquired by bathing in contaminated water have been reported (1,12,14,17,21,25,26,29).All strains of coagulase-positive S. aureus are potential pathogens, causing a wide range of infections (3). They are found in nasal membranes, hair follicles, skin, and perinea of warm-blooded animals (3), and their origin in bathing waters is undoubtedly human activity.…”

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87:6490 Occurrence of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Israeli coastal water

1987

Deep Sea Research Part B. Oceanographic Literature Review

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The occurrence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and coagulase-positive Staphylococcus aureus in seawater from beaches of central Israel was investigated from June 1983 until June 1985. P. aeruginosa was monitored in 652 samples of seawater from 34 beaches, and S. aureus was monitored in 628 samples. P. aeruginosa was found in 44.8% of samples (6.5% with 1 bacterium per 100 ml of water), and S. aureus was recovered from 60.7% of samples (5.3% with 1 organism per 100 ml), compared with 91.6% of samples with total coliforms (TC) and 82.2% with fecal coliforms (FC). The correlation between the presence of P. aeruginosa to that of TC and FC was 99.1 and 98.3%, respectively, while S. aureus was found in 4.3 and 8% of samples where TC and FC, respectively, were absent. Monitoring of S. aureus as a supplementary indicator in populated beaches is recommended because it will add valuable information on the sanitary quality of the seawater.The bacterial quality of recreational waters is assessed by the same indicators recommended for drinking water, namely, total coliforms (TC) and fecal coliforms (FC). These organisms indicate mainly the possibility of fecal contamination, hence the presence of enteric pathogens, which are most important in drinking water. However, infections in recreational waters are not limited to enteric diseases but extend to the skin, ear, nose, and throat, and many microorganisms that cause infection in these organs do not originate in the intestinal tract of warm-blooded animals. Stevenson (28) found that ailments of the upper respiratory tract represented about 50% of illnesses recorded for bathers, while gastrointestinal disturbances were only about 20%. Mujeriego et al. (20) observed that the most frequent complaints recorded for recreational users of coastal water in Spain were skin diseases (morbidity rate of 2%), followed by ear and eye infections (1.5%), while intestinal infections were less than 1%. Foster et al. (13) maintained that the large majority of illnesses that are swimming related are transmitted by contact, not ingestion. They also maintain that the problem of disease spread by contact has been relatively ignored.The following bacterial species have been recommended as supplementary indicators for recreational workers: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans, and others. We elected to study the merit of P. aeruginosa and S. aureus as supplementary criteria for Mediterranean water by assessing their occurrence in the coastal water of our region in relation to the conventional bacterial indicators. These species were chosen for two reasons: they are both potential pathogens, and they represent pollution from two different sources, with P. aeruginosa originating in the environment and S. aureus associated with various organs of the body other than the alimentary tract.P. aeruginosa is a ubiquitous saprophite in many normal systems (6) that is widely distributed in soil, water, sewage, the mammalian gut, and plants (16) and which is able to proliferate in distille...

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“…Urine and throat cultures were negative. Samples obtained from sinks and faucets in the patients' rooms were positive for P aeruginosa [0][1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] After the cultures had been taken, the patients were treated locally with an antiseptic solution of a chloride (sodium hypochlorite solution, diluted [Dakin]) or 1% acetic acid. They were also given a new aminoside (dibekacin) in combination with either ticarcillin disodium (patients 1 and 3), colistin sul¬ fate (patient 2), cefoxitin sodium (patient 4), or azlocillin sodium (patients 5 and 6).…”

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“…Serotype 0-11 is most often found in the "swimming pool" folliculitis. In this article, we report the cases of six immunocompromised patients in whom a folliculitis caused by P aeruginosa [0][1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] rapidly progressed to a severe ecthyma gangrenosum.…”

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confidence: 99%

Pseudomonas aeruginosa O-11 folliculitis. Development into ecthyma gangrenosum in immunosuppressed patients

Baze¹

1985

Archives of Dermatology

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Pseudomonas folliculitis acquired from a health spa whirlpool

Cited by 61 publications

References 8 publications

Culturability and Survival of Marine, Freshwater and Clinical Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Culturability and Survival of Marine, Freshwater and Clinical Pseudomonas aeruginosa

87:6490 Occurrence of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Israeli coastal water

Pseudomonas aeruginosa O-11 folliculitis. Development into ecthyma gangrenosum in immunosuppressed patients

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