Pseudorabies virus tracing of neural pathways between the uterine cervix and CNS: Effects of survival time, estrogen treatment, rhizotomy, and pelvic nerve transection

Lee, Jeung Woon; Erskine, Mary S.

doi:10.1002/(sici)1096-9861(20000320)418:4<484::aid-cne9>3.0.co;2-l

Cited by 38 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 84 publications

(121 reference statements)

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“…PRV injected into the adipose tissue of intact animals resulted in a more rapid labeling of sympathetic motor neurons than occurred in vagal motor neurons. Recent studies have shown that neuronal tracing can be modulated by neuronal activity (27,28). Also in our study the activity of the vagus nerve modulated the velocity of PRV replication and transport.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Selective parasympathetic innervation of subcutaneous and intra-abdominal fat — functional implications

Kreier¹,

Fliers²,

Voshol³

et al. 2002

J. Clin. Invest.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Selective parasympathetic innervation of subcutaneous and intra-abdominal fat — functional implications

Kreier¹,

Fliers²,

Voshol³

et al. 2002

J. Clin. Invest.

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“…The discovery of BrdU-labeled BMSCs in the dorsal gray commissure of L [3][4] indicates that the reorganization of synaptic connections may be taken place, which is responsible for the formation of the new pathways of voiding reflex in BMSC rats. Marson 15 and Lee et al 16 found that neurons in the dorsal gray commissure activated with the pudendal or pelvic nerve stimulation might integrate afferent signal neurons within multiple spinal segments and relay important sensory information to the brain in spinally intact rats. On the other hand, Dolber et al 17 and Chang et al 11 proposed a hypothetical framework for the coordinated bladder contraction and bursting EUS relaxation in the SCI rats including a capsaicin-insensitive afferent input to a switch, which directly or indirectly controls excitation of the parasympathetic preganlionic neurons and relaxation of the Onuf's nucleus motor neurons.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intravenously transplanted bone marrow stromal cells promote recovery of lower urinary tract function in rats with complete spinal cord injury

Liu

et al. 2011

Spinal Cord

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Objectives: There is increasing evidence that intravenously injected neural progenitor cells promote recovery of bladder function in rodents, following contusive spinal cord injury through migrating into the injured spinal cord tissue and differentiating into central nervous system cells. The present study was aimed to clarify whether intravenously transplanted bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) could improve lower urinary tract (LUT) function in rats with spinal cord transection (SCT). Methods: A total of 22 rats underwent experimentation in three groups, including group 1-sham operation, group 2 (BMSC)-SCT plus BrdU (5-bromo-2¢-deoxyuridine) labeled BMSCs transplantation at day 9 after SCT, group 3-SCT control. All rats were investigated urodynamically on day 28 after transplantation. Results: BMSCs identified by BrdU immunohistochemistry survived in the injured spinal cord and lumbar level 3-4 (L 3À4 ). Voiding pressure, episodes of non-voiding contractions and residual urine volumes were significantly decreased in BMSC rats, compared with the controls. Bladder capacity was similar in both groups. In four out of eight BMSC rats and one out of seven controls, the tonic and bursting external urethral sphincter electromyographic activity were detected during cystometry. Silent periods during bursting were shorter and activity periods were longer in BMSC rats compared with sham rats. INTRODUCTIONThe main functions of the lower urinary tract (LUT) to store and periodically release urine are dependent upon neural circuits located in the brain, spinal cord and peripheral ganglia. 1,2 Spinal cord injury (SCI) above the lumbosacral level interrupts this coordination between the bladder and the striated sphincter, leading to non-voiding contractions (NVCs) and detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia, which impedes voiding and leads to large residual urine volume (RUV). 3 In the rats, micturition-associated bursting external urethral sphincter (EUS) activity, characterized by alternating bursts of EUS activity and relaxation (silent periods (SP)), is lost after SCI and has been reported to be replaced by tonic, dyssynergic activity. 4 As the mature central nervous system cannot generate new neurons and glial cells, bladder functional recovery is limited following SCI. However, recent studies suggest that transplanted neural progenitor cells promote recovery of the bladder function through regeneration of the injury site. [5][6][7][8] In most of these studies, stem cells have been injected into the lesion directly with a needle, 5,7,8 carrying the risk of further injury to the spinal cord. Otherwise, these studies did not examine the changes of EUS activity in the spinal injured rats after cells transplantation.

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“…The PRV method has been used in normal rats to identify spinal and brainstem neurons involved in sexual and bladder functions. Using the attenuated Bartha strain of PRV, many labeled neurons in the gigantocellularis nuclear complex have been identified following injection, in spinally-intact animals, of the bulbospongiousus muscle (Marson and McKenna, 1996), male reproductive organs (Marson and Carson, 1999;Marson et al, 1993), female reproductive organs (Lee and Erskine, 2000;Marson and Murphy, 2006), and urinary tract (Nadelhaft and Vera, 1996;Vizzard et al, 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bilateral Bulbospinal Projections to Pudendal Motoneuron Circuitry after Chronic Spinal Cord Hemisection Injury as Revealed by Transsynaptic Tracing with Pseudorabies Virus

Johnson

Chadha

Dugan

et al. 2011

Journal of Neurotrauma

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Complications of spinal cord injury in males include losing brainstem control of pudendal nerve-innervated perineal muscles involved in erection and ejaculation. We previously described, in adult male rats, a bulbospinal pathway originating in a discrete area within the medullary gigantocellularis (GiA/Gi), and lateral paragigantocellularis (LPGi) nuclei, which when electrically microstimulated unilaterally, produces a bilateral inhibition of pudendal motoneuron reflex circuitry after crossing to the contralateral spinal cord below T8. Microstimulation following a long-term lateral hemisection, however, revealed reflex inhibition from both sides of the medulla, suggesting the development or unmasking of an injury-induced bulbospinal pathway crossing the midline cranial to the spinal lesion. In the present study, we investigated this pathway anatomically using the transsynaptic neuronal tracer pseudorabies virus (PRV) injected unilaterally into the bulbospongiosus muscle in uninjured controls, and ipsilateral to a chronic (1-2 months) unilateral lesion of the lateral funiculus. At 4.75 days post-injection, PRV-labeled cells were found bilaterally in the GiA/Gi/LPGi with equal side-to-side labeling in uninjured controls, and with significantly greater labeling contralateral to the lesion/injection in lesioned animals. The finding of PRV-labeled neurons on both sides of the medulla after removing the mid-thoracic spinal pathway on one side provides anatomical evidence for the bilaterality in both the brainstem origin and the lumbosacral pudendal circuit termination of the spared lateral funicular bulbospinal pathway. This also suggests that this bilaterality may contribute to the quick functional recovery of bladder and sexual functions observed in animals and humans with lateral hemisection injury.

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Pseudorabies virus tracing of neural pathways between the uterine cervix and CNS: Effects of survival time, estrogen treatment, rhizotomy, and pelvic nerve transection

Cited by 38 publications

References 84 publications

Selective parasympathetic innervation of subcutaneous and intra-abdominal fat — functional implications

Selective parasympathetic innervation of subcutaneous and intra-abdominal fat — functional implications

Intravenously transplanted bone marrow stromal cells promote recovery of lower urinary tract function in rats with complete spinal cord injury

Bilateral Bulbospinal Projections to Pudendal Motoneuron Circuitry after Chronic Spinal Cord Hemisection Injury as Revealed by Transsynaptic Tracing with Pseudorabies Virus

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