Pseudoscalar Top-Bottom Quark-Antiquark Composite as the Resonance with 28 GeV at the LHC: Hadron Masses and Higgs Boson Masses Based on the Periodic Table of Elementary Particles

Chung, Ding-Yu

doi:10.4236/jmp.2018.914164

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 22 publications

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“…Each spacetime dimension D associates with mass dimension d where D + d = 14 initially. All elementary particles for baryonic matter (leptons, quarks, gauge bosons, gravity, the Higgs boson, and cosmic rays) and dark matter (sterile neutrinos) can be placed in the periodic table of elementary particles based on the two sets of the seven mass dimensions [21] [22]. The periodic table of elementary particles Figure 3.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Split Membrane 11D Spacetime = 1D Eleventh Dimension Interval Space + 6D Rishon Space + 3D Higgs Space + 1D Einstein Time: Cosmology

Chung¹

2019

JMP

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The paper posits that the cyclic universe cosmology involves the split of the membrane 11D (11 dimensional) spacetime into the 1D eleventh dimension orbifold interval space to form gravity, the 6D discrete interior rishon space (TTT-VVV for positron-neutrino or TTV-TVV for u-d̅ quarks) to form the Standard Model, the 3D Higgs space (attachment space to attach matter or detachment space to detach matter) to form the Higgs or reverse Higgs field, and 1D Einstein time to be shared by all spaces. To establish particle masses, spacetime dimension number decreases with decreasing speed of light, decreasing vacuum energy, and increasing rest mass. The 4D and the 10D have zero and the highest vacuum energies, respectively. The cyclic universe cosmology starts with the zero-energy 4D inter-universal void and the positive-energy membrane and negative-energy antimembrane 11D dual universe which is split into four equal 10D string branes, including the 10D positive-energy weak-gravity brane with matter, negative-energy strong-gravity brane, negative-energy weak-gravity brane with antimatter, and positive-energy strong-gravity brane in the 11D bulk with the 1D eleventh dimension interval space in between the strong and the weak-gravity branes. To form the home universe where we inhabit, the 10D positive-energy weak-gravity brane with attachment space absorbed the zero-energy 4D inter-universal void with detachment space, resulting in the combination of rest mass from attachment space and kinetic energy from detachment space, the formation of the 4D spacetime universe by transforming 6D connected exterior space into 6D discrete interior rishon space, and cosmic inflation. The other three branes did not absorb the inter-universal void, resulting in the oscillating dimension branes between 10D and 4D stepwise without kinetic energy. The three branes are hidden when D > 4, and they are dark energy when D = 4. The split 11D spacetime and cosmology provide the mat-How to cite this paper: Chung, D.-Y. (2019) Split Membrane 11D Spacetime =

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Split Membrane 11D Spacetime = 1D Eleventh Dimension Interval Space + 6D Rishon Space + 3D Higgs Space + 1D Einstein Time: Cosmology

Chung¹

2019

JMP

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A Unifying Theory of Dark Energy, Dark Matter, and Baryonic Matter in the Positive-Negative Mass Universe Pair: Protogalaxy and Galaxy Evolutions

Chung¹

2020

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This paper modifies the Farnes' unifying theory of dark energy and dark matter which are negative-mass, created continuously from the negative-mass universe in the positive-negative mass universe pair. The first modification explains that observed dark energy is 68.6%, greater than 50% for the symmetrical positive-negative mass universe pair. This paper starts with the proposed positive-negative-mass 11D universe pair (without kinetic energy) which is transformed into the positive-negative mass 10D universe pair and the external dual gravities as in the Randall-Sundrum model, resulting in the four equal and separate universes consisting of the positive-mass 10D universe, the positive-mass massive external gravity, the negative-mass 10D universe and the negative-mass massive external gravity. The positive-mass 10D universe is transformed into 4D universe (home universe) with kinetic energy through the inflation and the Big Bang to create positive-mass dark matter which is five times of positive-mass baryonic matter. The other three universes without kinetic energy oscillate between 10D and 10D through 4D, resulting in the hidden universes when D > 4 and dark energy when D = 4, which is created continuously to our 4D home universe with the maximum dark energy = 3/4 = 75%. In the second modification to explain dark matter in the CMB, dark matter initially is not repulsive. The condensed baryonic gas at the critical surface density induces dark matter repulsive force to transform dark matter in the region into repulsive dark matter repulsing one another. The calculated percentages of dark energy, dark matter, and baryonic matter are 68.6 (as an input from the observation), 26 and 5.2, respectively, in agreement with observed 68.6, 26.5 and 4.9, respectively, and dark energy started in 4.33 billion years ago in agreement with the observed 4.

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An Explanation for the Violation of Lepton Universality in Beauty-Quark Decays: The Binary Isotope Mixture of Beauty-Quarks

Chung¹

2021

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This paper purposes an explanation for the recent evidence for the violation of lepton universality in beauty-quark decays at CERN's Large Hadron Collider. A beauty meson (B + ) transforms into a strange meson (K + ) with the emission of either electron-positron (e + e − ) or muon-antimuon (µ + µ − ). The ratio (R K ) of branching fractions for B + → K + µ + µ − and B + → K + e + e − decays is measured to be R K = 0.846 instead of 1 in the violation of lepton universality in the Standard Model. This paper proposes that the violation is derived from the binary isotope mixture of two beauty-quarks, b 7 (4979 MeV mass) and b 8 (143,258 MeV mass) whose masses are calculated from the periodic table of elementary particles. b 7 is the observable B, while b 8 is the hidden B to preserve the generation number symmetry between the three lepton family generations and the three quark family generations in the Standard Model. The preservation of the generation number symmetry forbids b 8 to decay into K + µ + µ − . In the transition state involving the virtual particles (γ, W± and Z˚) before the decay, b 7 and b 8 emerge to form the binary isotope mixture from B. The rates of emergence as the rates of diffuse in Graham's law of diffusion are proportional to inverse square root of mass. The rate ratio between b 8 /b 7 is (4979/143,258) 1/2 = 0.1864. Since b 7 decays into K + , e + e − , and µ + µ − , while b 8 decays into K + , e + e − , and forbidden µ + µ − , the calculated ratio (R K ) of branching fractions for B + → K + µ + µ − and B + → K + e + e − is 0.5/(0.1864 × 0.5+ 0.5) = 0.843 in excellent agreement with the observed 0.846. The agreement between the calculated R K and the observed R K confirms the validity of the periodic table of elementary particles which provides the answers for the dominance of matter over antimatter, dark-matter, and the mass hierarchy of elementary particles.

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Pseudoscalar Top-Bottom Quark-Antiquark Composite as the Resonance with 28 GeV at the LHC: Hadron Masses and Higgs Boson Masses Based on the Periodic Table of Elementary Particles

Cited by 3 publications

References 22 publications

Split Membrane 11D Spacetime = 1D Eleventh Dimension Interval Space + 6D Rishon Space + 3D Higgs Space + 1D Einstein Time: Cosmology

Split Membrane 11D Spacetime = 1D Eleventh Dimension Interval Space + 6D Rishon Space + 3D Higgs Space + 1D Einstein Time: Cosmology

A Unifying Theory of Dark Energy, Dark Matter, and Baryonic Matter in the Positive-Negative Mass Universe Pair: Protogalaxy and Galaxy Evolutions

An Explanation for the Violation of Lepton Universality in Beauty-Quark Decays: The Binary Isotope Mixture of Beauty-Quarks

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