Pseudothrombocytopenia—A Review on Causes, Occurrence and Clinical Implications

Lardinois, Benjamin; Favresse, Julien; Châtelain, Bernard; Lippi, Giuseppe; Mullier, François

doi:10.3390/jcm10040594

Cited by 44 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 133 publications

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“…In pseudothrombocytopenia, the platelet count appears low, although the platelet count is normal. Pseudothrombocytopenia has been progressively designated in patients having various disorders, including coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection, mainly due to inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (ADH) secretion [ 21 ]. Increased blood cell aggregation is a physiological change that may lead to thrombocytopenia [ 22 ].…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gestational Thrombocytopenia: A Review on Recent Updates

Habas¹,

Rayani²,

Alfitori³

et al. 2022

Cureus

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Thrombocytopenia is a condition in which the blood platelet count is low. It is well established that the mild thrombocytopenia frequency is higher in normal pregnancy. This type of thrombocytopenia was named pregnancy-induced thrombocytopenia. However, recently, it has been widely known as gestational thrombocytopenia (GT). The rate is higher in women with a prior GT history and multiple pregnancies. However, it appears that GT is a physiological response to the pregnancy; placenta's peculiar structure and its unique blood flow pattern play major roles in GT development. There are no specific, precise, or known underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of GT, and no new specific management strategies are published yet. Therefore, we decided to do a non-systematic review of any recent updates that had been published in PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science about the pathophysiology of GT, its treatment, and other related topics.

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Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gestational Thrombocytopenia: A Review on Recent Updates

Habas¹,

Rayani²,

Alfitori³

et al. 2022

Cureus

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“…All samples were independently quality controlled, and all measurements were performed within 3 h after blood collection to reduce the risk of preanalytical variation due to different time-intervals that may cause changes in platelet count [13,19]. The platelet count obtained in the whole blood samples or in PRP was excluded upon the occurrence of any of the following criteria: i) either one of the reference methods or the PC100 platelet counter failed to obtain a value; ii) an assignable cause occurred; iii) the results were outside of the measuring interval.…”

Section: Data Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the analytical performance of the PC100 platelet counter

Nagy

Fazaeli²,

Oerle

et al. 2021

Thrombosis J

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Introduction Platelet count can be altered in various diseases and treatments and measuring it may provide better insight into the expected outcome. So far, quantification of platelet count is done within laboratory conditions by using established hematology analyzers, whereas a point-of-care device could be used for this purpose outside of the clinical laboratories. Aim Our aim was to assess the closeness of agreement between a newly developed point-of-care PC100 platelet counter and two reference methods (Sysmex® XP-300, Sysmex® XN-9000) in measuring platelet counts in whole blood and platelet-rich-plasma (PRP). Method Whole blood was obtained from 119 individuals, of which 74 were used to prepare PRP samples. Whole blood platelet count was measured by the two reference methods and the PC100 platelet counter. PRP was prepared from the whole blood and platelet count was adjusted to the range of 250–3600 × 103/μl and measured with the PC100 platelet counter and Sysmex® XP-300. Results A median difference of − 1.35% and − 2.98% occurred in whole blood platelet count between the PC100 platelet counter and the Sysmex® XP-300 and Sysmex® XN-9000, respectively. A strong linear correlation (r ≥ 0.98) was seen in both cases and regression equations indicated neither a constant nor a proportional bias between the methods. Direct comparison of the two reference methods revealed a median difference of − 1.15% and a strongly linear relationship (r = 0.99). Platelet count in PRP resulted in a median difference of 1.42% between the PC100 platelet counter and the reference method, Sysmex® XP-300. While the difference between two methods increased with concentration of platelets in PRP, a strong linear relationship remained throughout the whole measuring interval indicated by the high correlation coefficient (r = 0.99). Assessment of the predicted bias at predefined platelet counts showed that the bias in platelet counts falls within the acceptance criterion for both whole blood and PRP measurements. Conclusions Our results show that the PC100 platelet counter can be used interchangeably with the reference methods for determining platelet counts.

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“…Once potential causes of pseudothrombocytopenia have been ruled out, 8 the combination of thrombosis, thrombocytopenia, and raised D-dimers, occurring soon after COVID-19 vaccination, is the key for identifying these patients as potentially having an episode of VITT. The clinical signs and symptoms of CVT mostly include the onset of new and severe headache, which cannot be alleviated by usual analgesics, often accompanied by blurred vision, nausea or vomiting, dysarthria, weakness, drowsiness or even seizures.…”

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confidence: 99%

Cerebral Venous Thrombosis Developing after COVID-19 Vaccination: VITT, VATT, TTS, and More

Lippi

Favaloro

2021

Semin Thromb Hemost

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Despite the huge efforts globally underway for preventing or limiting the spread of severe acute respiratory coronavirus disease 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic outbreak appears still virtually unstoppable. As for many other infectious diseases, COVID-19 vaccination has now become crucial for limiting viral spread, especially for averting hospitalizations, need for intensive care, and fatal outcome. Nonetheless, as for other vaccines, COVID-19 vaccination is not completely free from side effects. Among the adverse events that have been reported after receiving COVID-19 vaccination, special emphasis has been given to an unexpected number of thrombocytopenic episodes with or without thrombotic complications, especially in recipients of adenovirus-based COVID-19 vaccines. Along with a specific clinical presentation, encompassing “atypical” thrombosis (especially cerebral venous [sinus] thrombosis, CVT) more prevalent in young female subjects, this new syndrome called vaccine-induced thrombocytopenia and thrombosis (VITT) is characterized by, and thereby diagnosed for, the presence of three paradigmatic laboratory abnormalities, i.e., low platelet count (<150 × 109/L), elevated plasma D-dimer levels (>0.5 mg/L), accompanied by a positive test for anti-PF4 (platelet factor 4) antibodies assayed with ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) techniques. Timely identification of these important abnormalities by both clinicians and laboratory professional is essential for early diagnosis and management of VITT, since the outcome of this condition may be fatal in half or even more of effected patients with severe disease. Therefore, this narrative review aims to review here the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical, and laboratory characteristics of VITT and other COVID-19 vaccine-associated thrombocytopenias.

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Pseudothrombocytopenia—A Review on Causes, Occurrence and Clinical Implications

Cited by 44 publications

References 133 publications

Gestational Thrombocytopenia: A Review on Recent Updates

Gestational Thrombocytopenia: A Review on Recent Updates

Evaluation of the analytical performance of the PC100 platelet counter

Cerebral Venous Thrombosis Developing after COVID-19 Vaccination: VITT, VATT, TTS, and More

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