Psilocybian Mycetismus With Special Reference To Panaeolus

Occurrence and use of hallucinogenic mushrooms containing psilocybin alkaloids

“…aztecorum Singer, 1958aGuzmán, 1978Psilocybe aztecorum var. bonetii Guzmán, 1978Psilocybe baeocystis Mc Cawley et al, 1962Benedict et al, 1962b; Pollock, 1976a;Southcott, 1974;Hall, 1973;McCarthy, 1971 Allen et al, 1991Picker and Rickards, 1970Pollock, 1976aSouthcott,1974;Hall, 1973;McCarthy, 1971;Guzmán et al, 1993Allen et al, 1991 Singer, 1958a;Singer and Smith, 1958;Pollock, 1975 * No information on psilocybin and psilocin in this report ** Allen and Merlin, 1992 Being hard to chew, the dried mushrooms are often brewed into tea. This tea is subsequently drunk, and the mushrooms are then consumed.…”

“…The mushroom so dried may be stored for a very long time, without loosing too much of its activity, if stored at lower temperatures (Hall, 1973). Pollock, 1976a;Southcott, 1974;Hall, 1973;McCarthy, 1971 Gymnophilus Cooles, 1980;Pollock, 1976a;Holden, 1965;Ott, 1978Southcott, 1974Guzman et al, 1976*;Allen et al, 1991** Panaelous cyanescens Lincoff andMitchell, 1977. Allen et al, 1991**;Pollock, 1974Pollock, , 1976Ott, 1978Panaelous papilionnaceus Pollock, 1974Sanford, 1972Panaeolus sphincrinus Ott, 1975Schultes, 1939;Pollock, 1975Panaeolus subbalteatus Guzmán et al, 1976Pollock, 1976;Allen et al, 1991 Panaelous (Copelandia) Guzmán et al, 1993Allen et al, 1991Psilocybe aztecorum var.…”

An Ethnomycological Review of Psychoactive Agarics in Australia and New Zealand

“…Although Stocks suggested that the hallucinogenic effects of these mushrooms were more potent than either lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) or mescaline (peyote), it should be pointed out that users of these three hallucinogens usually prefer the natural experience of the mushrooms because they have a duration of three to six hours as opposed to the eight-to 12-hour experience of LSD, mescalineorMDA (Pollock 1976;Weil1975-1976Weil1975- , 1973). …”

“…They cited several reasons that led them to that conclusion. Later, however, Southcott (1974) suggested that some species of Panaeolus were indeed the cause of the hysteria outbreaks, while Pollock (1976) believed that Copelandia cyanescens was the fungus responsible for at least some of the hysteria intoxications that were attributed to the ingestion of P. ovatus, which is a fungus now known to be synonymous with P. antillarum (Fr.) Dennis (see Figure 5).…”

“…In addition, Shepherd and Hall (1973) listed the following species as mind altering and possibly being ingested by collectors of Australia's wild psychoactive fungi: C. cyanescens, P. collybioides, P. cubensis, P. subaeruginosa, P. semilanceata, Gymnopilus spectabilis, and P. subbalteatus. The latter occurs naturally in Australia, is psychoactive, and is known to be used as a recreational drug in the Pacific Northwest of the United States (Wcil 1980(Wcil , 1977Ott 1978;Pollock 1976). Southcott (1974) reviewed the literature and reported that P. cubensis, P. subaeruginosa, P. collybioides, C. ings that occurred in Australia between 1941 and 1973.…”