Psittacosis — a review of 135 cases

Yung, A P; Grayson, M Lindsay

doi:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1988.tb99430.x

Cited by 122 publications

(98 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…psittaci. Many of the clinical features of this case have been described in cases of psittacosis, 39,40 and the relatively prompt response to appropriate therapy, with defervescence and improvement of the radiographic abnormalities, is also consistent with this diagnosis. The most commonly used diagnostic method is a test for complement-fixing antibody.…”

supporting

confidence: 71%

“…In one series of 135 patients, 92 percent were afebrile 48 hours after starting treatment. 39 In this case, it is impossible to diagnose a specific form of atypical pneumonia on clinical grounds. One must therefore rely on a careful investigation of the history of exposure and provide empirical treatment with a macrolide or tetracycline antibiotic while conducting laboratory studies.…”

mentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Pulmonary symptoms may be absent initially, and several days may elapse between the onset of systemic symptoms and the development of a dry cough. 39 Vomiting and diarrhea occur in up to half the patients, and slight elevations in aminotransferase levels are common. 39,40 A pink, blanching maculopapular rash, called Horder's spots, was seen in only 2 of 219 patients in one review.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…39 Vomiting and diarrhea occur in up to half the patients, and slight elevations in aminotransferase levels are common. 39,40 A pink, blanching maculopapular rash, called Horder's spots, was seen in only 2 of 219 patients in one review. 40 As with other forms of atypical pneumonia, no diagnostic patterns are recognized on chest radiographs, with nodular densities, segmental and lobar consolidation, interstitial abnormalities, and pleural effusions all reported.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Case 16-1998

Sax¹,

Klein²,

Mark³

1998

N Engl J Med

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supporting

confidence: 71%

mentioning

confidence: 97%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Case 16-1998

Sax¹,

Klein²,

Mark³

1998

N Engl J Med

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“…It is characterised by fever, malaise, myalgias and atypical pneumonia [1]. Complications include myocarditis, endocarditis, hepatitis, reactive arthritis, and neurological abnormalities [2]. Birds are the major zoonotic reservoir [3]. However, outbreaks of psittacosis have occurred in the absence of direct bird exposure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An outbreak of psittacosis at a veterinary school demonstrating a novel source of infection

Chan

Doyle²,

Branley

et al. 2017

One Health

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In November 2014, New South Wales Health was notified of a cluster of respiratory illness in a veterinary school. Active case finding identified another case at a local equine stud. All cases had exposure to the equine fetal membranes of Mare A. This tissue subsequently tested positive for Chlamydia psittaci using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. We conducted a cohort study of the university and stud farm staff to determine risk factors for disease. Nine people were exposed to the fetal membranes of Mare A. Of these, five cases of psittacosis were identified. Two required hospital admission. Contact with birds was not associated with illness (RR = 0.5, 95% CI = 0.09–2.73). People who had direct contact with the abnormal fetal membranes were more likely to develop disease (RR = 11.77, 95% CI = 1.02–∞). The emergence of an association between horse exposure and C. psittaci infection has important implications for the prevention and control of psittacosis.Article summary line: Investigation of an outbreak of psittacosis in a rural veterinary school demonstrates novel source of infection for psittacosis through exposure to abnormal equine fetal membranes.

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Clinical features of endemic community-acquired psittacosis

Branley

Weston

England³

et al. 2014

New Microbes and New Infections

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Following a large outbreak of community-acquired psittacosis in 2002 in residents of the Blue Mountains, New South Wales, Australia, we reviewed new cases in this area over a 7-year period from 2003 to 2009. Using the 2010 criteria from the Centers for Disease Control National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System, 85 patients with possible psittacosis were identified, of which 48 were identified as definite or probable infection. Clinical features of these cases are summarized. In addition to Chlamydia -specific serology, specimens, where available, underwent nucleic acid testing for chlamydial DNA using real-time PCR. Chlamydophila psittaci DNA was detected in samples from 23 patients. Four of 18 specimens were culture positive. This is the first description of endemic psittacosis, and is characterized in this location by community-acquired psittacosis resulting from inadvertent exposure to birds. The disease is likely to be under-diagnosed, and may often be mistaken for gastroenteritis or meningitis given the frequency of non-respiratory symptoms, particularly without a history of contact with birds. Clinical characteristics of endemic and outbreak-associated cases were similar. The nature of exposure, risk factors and reasons for the occurrence of outbreaks of psittacosis require further investigation.

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Psittacosis — a review of 135 cases

Cited by 122 publications

References 17 publications

Case 16-1998

Case 16-1998

An outbreak of psittacosis at a veterinary school demonstrating a novel source of infection

Clinical features of endemic community-acquired psittacosis

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