Pso+: Algoritmo Com Base Em Enxame De Partículas Para Problemas Com Restrições Lineares E Não Lineares

Abstract

The Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm is a metaheuristic based on populations of individuals in which solution candidates evolve through simulation of a simplified model of social adaptation. By aggregating robustness, efficiency and simplicity, PSO has gained great popularity. Many successful applications of PSO are reported in which this algorithm has demonstrated advantages over other well-established metaheuristics based on populations of individuals. Modified PSO algorithms have been proposed to solve optimization problems with domain, linear and nonlinear constraints; The great majority of these algorithms make use of penalty methods, which have, in general, numerous limitations, such as: (i) additional care in defining the appropriate penalty for each problem, since a balance must be maintained between obtaining valid solutions and the searching for an optimal solution; (ii) they assume all solutions must be evaluated. Other algorithms that use multi-objective optimization to deal with constrained problems face the problem of not being able to guarantee finding feasible solutions. The proposed PSO algorithms up to this date that deal with constraints, in order to guarantee valid solutions using feasibility operators and not requiring the evaluation of infeasible solutions, only treat domain constraints by controlling the velocity of particle displacement in the swarm, or do so inefficiently by randomly resetting each infeasible particle, which may make it infeasible to optimize certain problems. This work presents a new particle swarm optimization algorithm, called PSO+, capable of solving problems with linear and nonlinear constraints in order to solve these deficiencies. The modeling of the algorithm has added six different capabilities to solve constrained optimization problems: (i) arithmetic redirection to ensure particle feasibility; (ii) two particle swarms, where each swarm has a specific role in the optimization the problem; (iii) a new particle updating method to insert diversity into the swarm and improve the coverage of the PUC-Rio-Certificação Digital Nº 1321808/CA search space, allowing its edges to be properly exploitedwhich is especially convenient when the problem to be optimized involves active constraints at the optimum solution; (iv) two heuristics to initialize the swarm in order to accelerate and facilitate the initialization of the feasible initial population and guarantee diversity at the starting point of the optimization process; (v) neighborhood topology, called coordinated random clusters neighborhood to minimize optimization premature convergence problem; (vi) transformation of equality constraints into inequality constraints. The algorithm was tested for twenty-four benchmark functionscreated and proposed for an optimization competitionas well as in a real optimization problem of well allocation in an oil reservoir. The experimental results show that the new algorithm is competitive, since it increases the efficiency of the PSO and the speed of convergence.