Psoralen Derivatives: Recent Advances of Synthetic Strategy and Pharmacological Properties

Abstract

Introduction: Psoralen or furocoumarin is a linear three ring heterocyclic compound. Psoralens are planar, tricyclic compounds, consisting of a furan ring fused to a coumarin moiety. Psoralen has been known for a wide spectrum of biological activities, spanning from cytotoxic, photosensitizing, insecticidal, antibacterial to antifungal effect. Thus, several structural changes were introduced to explore the role of specific positions with respect to the biological activity. Convenient approaches utilized for the synthesis of psoralen skeleton can be categorized into two parts: (i) the preparation of the tricyclic ring system from resorcinol, (ii) the exocyclic modification of the intact ring system. Conclusion: Furthermore, although psoralens have been used in diverse ways, we mainly focus in this work on their clinical utility for the treatment of psioraisis, vitiligo and skin-related disorder.

2-(2-(4-Methoxyphenyl)-4,9-dimethyl-7-oxo-7H-furo[2,3-f]chromen-3-yl)acetic Acid

“…In most cases, furocoumarins can be prepared on the basis of substituted hydroxycoumarins. α-Halogen ketones are generally employed as the second component for the formation of the furocoumarin moiety [23][24][25][26][27][28]. Wherein, the use of the methodology of multicomponent reactions can open access to a wide range of products containing the furocoumarin fragment.…”

Annulated Heterocyclic[g]Coumarin Composites: Synthetic Approaches and Bioactive Profiling

“…As indicated by Equation 1, their approach required condensation of the substituted benzoxole (8) with diethyl propanedioate (9) to get the intended compound (10). [30,31] Equation 1 An example of the crafting 2-pyranone moiety onto benzoxole.…”

“…[39] A series of arene-substituted furo[g]coumarins (33)(34)(35)(36)(37)(38) were produced and their vasorelaxant action was assessed by Wang et al. [40] Beginning with the commercially available compound (xanthotoxin, 29), they synthesized compound (30) by reacting it with bromine and ethanoic acid. Compound (31) was then produced by an ether hydrolysis reaction using tribromoborane and dichloromethane.…”

“…Benzoxole was used as the building block for the synthesis of carboxyethyl furocoumarin ( 10 ), and a 2‐pyranone ring was annulated upon it. As indicated by Equation 1, their approach required condensation of the substituted benzoxole ( 8 ) with diethyl propanedioate ( 9 ) to get the intended compound ( 10 ) [30,31] …”

How to face COVID-19: proposed treatments based on remdesivir and hydroxychloroquine in the presence of zinc sulfate. Docking/DFT/POM structural analysis

“…POM physicochemical analysis or ADME/T is important to qualify drugs and their efficacy as leading candidates against various biotargets, as like antibacterial (Grib et al, 2020;Hatzade et al, 2015;Jamalis et al, 2020;Jarrahpour et al,2019;Mabkhot et al, 2015Mabkhot et al, , 2016Messali et al, 2014Messali et al, , 2015Nasruddin et al, 2018;Rad et al, 2017;Rbaa et al, 2019;Sajid et al, 2016;Tatar et al, 2016), antifungal (Al-Maqtari et al, 2017Khan et al, 2017;Rachedi et al, 2020;Radi et al, 2015;Tighadouni et al, 2016;Titi et al, 2019), antiviral (Chander et al, 2017;Lahsasni et al, 2015), antitumoral (Bechlem et al, 2020;Kamal et al, 2019;Piaz et al, 2018;Rachedi et al, 2019Rachedi et al, , 2020Youssoufi et al, 2015), antiparasitic drugs and various enzymes inhibitors (Amirkhanov et al, 2019;Ben Hadda et al, 2018Mabkhot et al, 2014;Rauf et al, 2017). The POM physicochemical calculations included a partition coefficient (cLogP), aqueous solubility, donor hydrogen bond, and drug-likeness, evaluated in terms of Lipinski's ruleof-five.…”