“…In terms of symptom assessments, most studies used the Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES) (Carlson et al, 1993) or its subscale (i.e., DES-Taxon; DES-T) (Waller & Ross, 1997) to assess dissociation ( n = 13) (Dorahy et al, 2013; Dorrepaal et al, 2012; Ford et al, 2015; Ford et al, 2017; Hyland et al, 2018; Longo et al, 2019; Peles et al, 2012, 2014; Powell, 1996; Sachsse et al, 2006; Tian et al, 2020; Van Dijke et al, 2015; Zucker et al, 2006). Most studies used the International Trauma Questionnaire (ITQ) (Cloitre et al, 2018) ( n = 11) or the Structured Interview for Disorders of Extreme Stress (SIDES) (Pelcovitz et al, 1997) ( n = 6) to assess CPTSD symptoms; only nine studies used other methods (e.g., clinical assessment, the Stress Reactions Checklist for Disorders of Extreme Stress, the C-PTSD Interview Scale) to assess CPTSD symptoms (Dorahy et al, 2013; Ford et al, 2015, 2017; Haselgruber et al, 2020; Longo et al, 2019; Powell, 1996; Powers et al, 2017; Sachsse et al, 2006; Shin et al, 2021).…”