Psychiatric Complications of Anabolic Steroid Abuse

Hall, Ryan; Chapman, Marcia J.

doi:10.1176/appi.psy.46.4.285

Cited by 125 publications

(100 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…depression, mania, psychosis, suicide and marked aggression [18] or irritability, mood swings and decreased impulse control [19] . There are also reports of AAS users being more likely to show high-risk behaviour such as carrying weapons or fighting [20] or dangerous behaviour [21] than is usually seen in nonusers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is There an Association between the Use of Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids and Criminality?

Skårberg

Nyberg²,

Engström³

2010

Eur Addict Res

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Aims: The aim of this study was to improve our understanding of the proposed association between anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) and criminality. Methods: The study was based on interviews and criminality data involving 32 users of AAS who had sought treatment for AAS-related problems at a psychiatric addiction clinic in Sweden. A score derived from the number of crimes, their level of severity and the relevant time periods was computed to allow comparisons between subgroups sorted according to type and timing of drug use. Results: The criminal activity level increased for 69% of the individuals after having started to use drugs. This was particularly obvious in the group who had started its involvement with drugs by using AAS. Crimes of violence and weapon offences showed a great increase in incidence after drug use had been initiated. The study also showed a significant decrease in criminality after treatment, particularly among individuals who had started their drug use with AAS. Conclusion: The results suggest that there is an association between the use of AAS and criminality, especially with regard to crimes of violence and weapon offences, and that this criminality may be enhanced when AAS are combined with other drugs of abuse.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is There an Association between the Use of Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids and Criminality?

Skårberg

Nyberg²,

Engström³

2010

Eur Addict Res

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“…nessa linha, alguns autores apontam que o abuso de EAA em determinados grupos apresentaria uma interface com a criminalidade violenta (Talih et al, 2007;Klötz et al, 2006;Hall, Chapman, 2005). Porém, para Kanayama et al (2008), por exemplo, não se pode atribuir esses quadros exclusivamente ao uso de EAA, já que a prevalência, os padrões de uso e a gravidade desses efeitos permanecem pouco compreendidos.…”

Section: Anabolizantes Agressividade E Violênciaunclassified

Distintos enfoques sobre esteroides anabolizantes: riscos à saúde e hipermasculinidade

Cecchetto

Moraes²,

Farias

2012

Interface (Botucatu)

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Abordam-se dois enfoques sobre o uso de esteroides anabólicos androgênicos (EAA): o primeiro encontra-se na literatura biomédica, centrada em seus efeitos na saúde de homens jovens; o segundo refere-se aos próprios usuários, focalizando os aspectos socioculturais do consumo. Foi utilizada metodologia qualitativa a partir da análise de dois tipos de material: (i) artigos da área biomédica; (ii) material de pesquisas realizadas entre 2001 e 2004, incluindo etnografia e entrevistas semiestruturadas com 19 homens praticantes de jiu-jítsu no Rio de Janeiro. Os resultados indicam um descompasso entre o enfoque biomédico, que condena o uso considerado não terapêutico de EAA e as representações e práticas dos usuários que recorrem a essas substâncias com o objetivo de aprimoramento da força e da musculosidade. Conclui-se que a relação entre o consumo de substâncias anabolizantes e a construção social da masculinidade precisa ser mais estudada no âmbito da saúde pública.

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“…Two other retrospective accounts have also described pairs of monozygotic twins where one used AAS and the other did not; in both cases, the AAS-using twin exhibited severe psychopathology associated with AAS use-suicide in one case [ 129 ] and extreme violence in the other [ 152 ] -whereas the non-AAS-using twin exhibited no psychiatric problems. Details of these various studies are provided in several recent review articles [ 70,[153][154][155][156] .…”

Section: Mood Syndromesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One of these showed evidence of conduct disorder prior to AAS use, but the others were not known to have acted out during early adolescence before AAS exposure. A recent review [ 153 ] mentions six cases of AAS-induced criminal behavior seen by the authors, including three homicides and three violent assaults. The men in these cases apparently experienced psychotic symptoms, with "stereotypic qualities of irritability, aggressiveness, and grandiosity" (p. 287).…”

Section: Aggression and Violencementioning

confidence: 99%

Anabolic–Androgenic Steroids

Pope

Kanayama

2012

Drug Abuse and Addiction in Medical Illness

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The anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) are a family of hormones that includes the natural male hormone, testosterone, together with a group of synthetic derivatives of testosterone. These drugs are widely abused by men (and rarely, women) to gain muscle mass and lose body fat. Prior to about 1980, abuse of AAS was con fi ned largely to elite competitive athletes, but in recent decades, AAS abuse has broken out of the athletic community and into the general population. Many modern AAS users have no speci fi c athletic aspirations at all, but simply want to become bigger and more muscular. About 2-6% of men in many Western industrialized countries have used AAS, but AAS use is rare in Asian societies. Individuals with body image concerns, such as "muscle dysmorphia," appear more prone to abuse AAS. Male muscularity is more strongly emphasized and rewarded in industrialized Western cultures than in Asia, and this difference likely explains the geographic distribution of AAS abuse. AAS cause few serious short-term medical effects, but over the long term may cause suppression of hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal function, adverse effects on serum lipids, and cardiomyopathy. The most common psychiatric effects of AAS are mood disorders (typically hypomanic or manic syndromes during AAS exposure and depressive symptoms during AAS withdrawal); these are idiosyncratic, affecting a minority of AAS users, but are occasionally severe. A growing literature describes syndromes of AAS dependence, where individuals use AAS almost continuously despite adverse medical or psychiatric effects. Individuals displaying AAS abuse or dependence may also exhibit other forms of substance dependence. Unfortunately, AAS users rarely seek treatment, but this situation may change as the fi rst large wave of illicit AAS users-those who fi rst began AAS as youths in the 1980s-now reaches middle age and enters the age of risk for long-term cardiac, neuroendocrine, and psychiatric complications from these drugs.

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Psychiatric Complications of Anabolic Steroid Abuse

Cited by 125 publications

References 39 publications

Is There an Association between the Use of Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids and Criminality?

Is There an Association between the Use of Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids and Criminality?

Distintos enfoques sobre esteroides anabolizantes: riscos à saúde e hipermasculinidade

Anabolic–Androgenic Steroids

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